Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

21 fall: Dev Bio > lecture 5 germline 2 > Flashcards

lecture 5 germline 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

difference between teratoma and teratocarcinoma

A

TERATOMA
mature
differentiated cells
benign

TERATOCARCINOMA
immature
undifferentiated EC cells
-pluripotent
-highly proliferative
-able to metastasize
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are EC cells

A

embryonic carcinoma cells- malignant stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what makes EC special

A
  1. stem cells that were able to be serially transplanted into other mice
  2. grown in culture, no signs of contact inhibition and could be established as permanent cell lines

Grows fast and kills host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what was brinsters 1974 experiment

A

injected EC cells into blastocysts. EC cells led to many different cell types
Demonstrates pluripotency of EC cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does EC form that shows evidence of pluripotency

A

embryoid bodies- EB

look like blastocyst: outer layer of cells but inner layer no organized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

EC cells help do what

A

provide foundation for establishing mouse embryonic stem cell cultures as well as establishing human embryonic stem cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what two concepts from EC were used to made ES

A
  1. feeder cells

2. identification of growth factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the major difference between EC and ES

A

EC are malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the three reasons teratomas or teratocarcinomas occur outside of the gonads

A
  1. PGCs never made it to the genital ridge, survived and mutated
  2. metastases of EC cells
  3. “existing” stem cell populations mutated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

teratomas come from mutation of ___. what experiment showed this

A

germ cells
genital ridges grafted to adult mice= teratoma
grafts with steel (SI/SI)= no teratoma because Si/SI= no germ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TGCT

A

testicular germ cell tumors

results from mutations of PGC development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TGCT make up ___ % of testicular cancer

A

96

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what goes wrong in PGC development that leads to TGCT

A
  1. abnormal cell cycle
  2. abnormal interactions with somatic cells
  3. reversion to pluripotency of adult germ cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in TGCT, what is an example of error in PCG development by abnormal cell cycle

A

delayed mitotic arrest by germ cells in 129/Sv mice= more cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TGCT occur 10% of the time in ___ strain

A

129/Sv mouse strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

TGCT occur 30% of the time in ___ strain

A

129/terSv substrain

17
Q

abnormal proliferation usually starts around what day in mice

A

E11-E12.5

18
Q

how do tumors change their make up over time

A

fetal = undifferentiated= teratocarcinoma
5 days after birth= mix = teratocarcinoma
adults= differentiated= teratoma

19
Q

mutations in what gene is responsible for high TGCTs in 129/terSv mice

A

Dnd1 (dead end homologue 1)

20
Q

Dnd1

A

dead end homologue 1
RNA binding protein with a possible RNA editing function

delayed mitotic arrest

TGCT

21
Q

Teratocarcinomas usually occur in ___ females

A

<20 year olds

22
Q

Teratomas usually occur in ___ females

A

> 20 year olds

23
Q

name of teratomas in older females

A

dermoid cyst

24
Q

defects in ____ and ___ can lead to teratomas and teratocarcinomas in women

A

oocyte development

progression of meiosis

25
Q

parthenogenetic activation within the ovary occurs in __ mice

A

LT/Sv

26
Q

the phenomenon that oocytes exit from meiosis and enter the first cleavage division without fertilization

A

parthenogenetic activation

27
Q

parthenogenetic activation is caused by

A
  1. hormonal disruption

2. disruption of meiosis

28
Q

example of hormonal disruption in oocyte

A

LH (luteinizing hormone) increases but oocyte not realsed (ovulated) instead will go into mitosis with itself (daughter cell and polar body) 2 parts mom, 0 parts dad = teratoma

29
Q

example of disruption of meiosis

A

failure to stop at meiosis I or failure to stop at Metaphase II

30
Q

what is essential for maintaining metaphase II

A

Mos

31
Q

Mos full name

A

c-mos proto-oncogene product

32
Q

null-mos leads to

A

oocyte does not stop at metaphase II and mutates and develops teratoma

33
Q

what indicates that DNA replication happened without sperm

A

BrDU

21 fall: Dev Bio (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions