Lecture 3

Question 1

Epiblast turns into what 3 layers

Answer 1

ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

Question 2

Inner cell mass turns into

Answer 2

amniotic cavity, epiblast and hypoblast

Question 3

Ectoderm makes

Answer 3

neural tube, epidermis, neural crest

Question 4

mesoderm turns into

Answer 4

paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm and lateral mesoderm

Question 5

paraxial mesoderm turns into

Answer 5

somites

Question 6

intermediate mesoderm turns into

Answer 6

urogenital system and reproductive system

Question 7

lateral mesoderm turns into

Answer 7

splanchnic and somatic

Question 8

endoderm turns into

Answer 8

primitive gut

Question 9

examples of endoderm are

Answer 9

epithelial linings of the digestive, respiratory and urogenital systems: lung cells, thyroid cells and pancreatic cells

Question 10

examples of splanchnic

Answer 10

hematopoietic system (blood), endothelium and internal organs

Question 11

examples of somatic

Answer 11

limb, skeleton, connective tissue of body cavity and ventral skin dermis

Question 12

examples of intermediate mesoderm

Answer 12

kidney and gonads (testes and overies)

Question 13

somites turn into

Answer 13

dermatone, sclerotome, myotome, syndetome

Question 14

examples of dermatone

Answer 14

dorsal skin dermis

Question 15

examples of sclerotome

Answer 15

axial skeleton (ribs and vertebrea)

Question 16

examples of myotome

Answer 16

skeletal muscle

Question 17

examples of syndetome

Answer 17

tendon cell progenitors

Question 18

somites

Answer 18

appear bilaterally from cranial to caudal at uniform intervals controlled by “wave of the clock gene expression”
-can be used to stage embryos from different species

Question 19

examples of clock genes

Answer 19

Wnt/ notch/ FGF

Question 20

to make sclerotome (bone)

Answer 20

+ Shh (from mesodermal notochord)

- BMP (from ectodermal epidermis and mesodermal lateral plate)

Question 21

to make dermamyotome (muscle and dermis)

Answer 21

+ BMP (from ectodermal epidermis and mesodermal lateral plate)
+ Wnt (from ectodermal neural tube and ectodermal epidermis)
-Shh (from mesodermal notochord)

Question 22

BMP is from

Answer 22

from ectodermal epidermis and mesodermal lateral plate

Question 23

Wnt is from

Answer 23

from ectodermal neural tube and ectodermal epidermis

Question 24

Shh is from

Answer 24

from mesodermal notochord

Question 25

MyoD is what

Answer 25

transcription factor that regulates muscle cell differentiation

Question 26

myostatin does what

Answer 26

inhibits muscle production

Question 27

inhibition of myostatin results in

Answer 27

increased muscle mass

Belgian Blue Beef cow

Question 28

Pioneer Transcription Factors

Answer 28

Oct4, Sox2, cMyc and Klf4
can take somatic cell go backwards and can then make any type of cell (pluripotency)
-can activate/recognize genes even when in bound up (heterochromal) DNA

Question 29

pluripotency

Answer 29

can take somatic cell go backwards and can then make any type of cell

Question 30

list full breakdown of mesoderm

Answer 30

paraxial -somites: dermatome, sclerotome, myotome and syndetome

intermediate- urogenital system and reproductive system

lateral- splanchnic and somatic