Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

21 fall: Dev Bio > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Gastrulation

A

cell movement from ball into 3 layered structure known as gastrula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

invagination

A

sheet of cells moving inward by apical constriction of actin fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ingression

A

individual cells leave an epithelial state/sheet and become freely moving (mesenchymal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mesenchymal

A

freely moving cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

epiboly

A

sheet of cells thinning out to become longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

intercalation

A

rows of cells moving in between each other to become longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ingression is similar to

A

this process is similar to that used by carcinoma cells to extravasate and metastasize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

three layers of cells

A

ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cadherins are

A

cell adhesion molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

some things in ECM (extracellular matrix) are

A

collagen, proteoglycans, glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Xenopus leavis

A

frog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What ,in frogs, triggers the opening of a pore that allows cells on outside of embryo to move inside?

A

Spemann’s organizer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the hole formed by Spemann’s organizer?

A

blastopore- in frogs only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does blastpore form?

A

dorsal lip of blastocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transcription factor expressed in the dorsal marginal region that is involved in starting gastrulation in frogs

A

goosecoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

explain basic steps of activation of gastrulation

A

receptors attach to cells and get activated by ligand

starts signal transduction cascade in cytoplasm

leads to activation of transcription factors in the nulceus and gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

examples of glycoproteins in extracellular matrix

A

fibronectin, chondronectin, tenascin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

outer ectoderm cells move by what to move into cell in frogs

A

epiboly (sheet movement by thinning out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

first thing to form from mesoderm

A

notochord from chorda mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

types of mesoderm

A

notochord,

PARAXIAL MESODERM (somites)
INTERMEDIATE MESODERM (kidneys and gonads) 
LATERAL MESODERM (splanchnic (internal organs, blood endothelium) and somatic (limb skeleton, ventral skin dermis and connective tissue of body cavity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A blastula of a chick is in what shape

A

blastodisc

22
Q

Inner cell membrane turns into

A

epiblast and hypoblast

23
Q

groove in bird and mammal gastrulation similar to blastopore in frog

A

primitive streak

24
Q

This induces the formation of the primitive streak in bird

A

koller’s sickle

25
Q

structure in birds that is similar to Spemann’s organizer, that triggers cells to enter center of blastocyst

A

hensen’s node

26
Q

cells in birds and mammals move into cell in a ___ way

A

mesenchymal

27
Q

Mammals do not need large yolk sac because of this ___

28
Q

placenta is made from these cells

A

trophoblast

29
Q

structure in mammals, that is similar to Spemann’s organizer, that triggers cells to enter center of blastocyst

30
Q

once gastrulation completes primitive steak regresses and leaves ___ behind

31
Q

notochord is made of what type of cells

32
Q

process by which ectoderm forms a neural plate and folds into neural tube

A

neurulation

33
Q

embryonic precursor to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

A

neural plate which turns into neural tube

34
Q

explain neurulation

A

notochord stimulates ectoderm to thicken into the neural crest and invaginate onto itself creating the neural tube.
neural crest cells change states and travel all over body to form bones, melanocytes and neurons

35
Q

what causes neurulation

36
Q

what inhibits neurulation

A

Noggin/ chordin

37
Q

what is the name of the process through which the notochord causes neurulation

A

neural induction

38
Q

neural tube closure in chicks happens at **

A

level of future midbrain and zips up in either direction

39
Q

neural tube closure in mammals happens

A

at multiple locations

40
Q

the last regions of the neural tube to close are

A

cranial and caudal neuropores

41
Q

lethal condition when anterior/ cranial neuropore does not close correctly

A

anencephaly

42
Q

condition when caudal neuropore does not close correctly

A

spina bifida cystica

43
Q

neural tube changes into

A

forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

44
Q

another name for forbrain

A

prosencephalon

45
Q

another name for midbrain

A

mesencephalon

46
Q

another name fir hindbrain

A

rhombencephalon

47
Q

neural tube defect where skin fails to separate from the spine in rhodesian ridgebacks

A

dermoid sinus

48
Q

duplication of what factors make rhodesian ridgebacks more predisposed to dermoid sinus

A

FGF3, FGF4, FGF19 and ORAOV1

49
Q

rhodesian ridgeback breeders are not allowed to breed ___ with ___

A

ridged with ridged

50
Q

two examples of cell adhesion molecules

A

cadherins and CAMS

51
Q

example of cell junction molecule

A

gap-junctions-connexins

52
Q

what is EMT , give example

A

epithelial to mesenchymal

neural crest cells

21 fall: Dev Bio (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions