Lecture #48 - Development 1 - fertilisation to implantation Flashcards
- What day does ovulation occur?
- How long does the ovum survive?
- What is swept into the uterine tube?
- What is the definition of fertilisation?
- From textbook page 1077 - what hormones are necessary for the formation of ruptured follicle to form corpus luteum (leutinisation)?
- Why is the corpus luteum yellow?
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- What is insemination?
2. What does sperm do?
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Capacitation:
- Sperm undergoes changes where?
- What two things happen?
- Time?
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How many sperm can penetrate the ovum?
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- What are the three phases of fertilisation - i.e. what three layers need to be penetrated?
- In that diagram, what are the 4 things?
- Yeah, explain the process by integrating it all from that slide and back page
So sperm travels and penetrates the corona radiata (loose layer of granolas cells) and then has the acrosomal reaction where it releases enzymes from acrosome which help breakdown the zone pellucida. Then there is the cortical reaction where the cross linking etc of the zone pellucida changes and makes it impenetrable to other sperm (don’t want more than one sperm penetrating). Then there is the penetration of the oocyte cell membrane and there are rejected sperm and whatnot.
Oocyte changes
- Upon sperm entering the oocyte, what 5 things occur?
- How many polar bodies are produced overall?
- What happens to the two pronuclei?
- Once they fuse, initiation of what? (what is this in colloquial terms?)
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- What is polyspermy?
2. How do you know if triploidy occurred and what would it lead to?
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- Fertilised ovum travels down what to what?
2. Corpus luteum releases what and what does this build up?
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Within 24h of ovulation:
- How many sperm deposited?
- Around how many reach the fertilisation site?
- Spermatozoa need to become ______ (what reaction is this?) to fertilise the egg
- Sperm binds to _____, _____ reaction, fuses to oocyte
- What is blocked?
- Restore what?
- What of the embryo is determined here?
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Cleavage images:
- After how many hours does it become 2 cells?
- What is it called at 16 cells?
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Cleavage:
- What is it?
- What are the cells inside called?
- What is formed by day 3 (16 cells)?
- The cells of the morula rearrange into what?
- What happens at day 4-5?
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Now blastocyst (day 4-5 - i.e. after morula)
- What are the two layers?
- How long is the blastocyst in the zona pellucida?
- What comes next (title of next slide)
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Implantation:
- What hatches out of what?
- Day 6-7 what happens?
- Day 10 what happens?
- Trophoblast then forms two layers - what are they?
- Outer cells move/invade into _____
- What secretes hCG?
- What does hCG do?
- How to detect if prego?
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Slide 28 - what are the main changes in the hormones?
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What does the blastocyst’s trophoblast attached to (what of the endometrium)?
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Slide 30:
- Penetration of the endometrium is led by what cells?
- What are the three points to make about syncytioblast?
- One point to male about cytotrophoblast
- In the syncytio-layer, you’ll form spaces that fill with what?
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What is ectopic pregnancy?
1. How does this relate to the zona pellucida?
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Development week 2:
- How many layers of trophoblast?
- How many and what layers of embryoblast/inner cell mass forms?
- How many cavities form and what are their names?
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What’s the bilaminar disc?
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Amniotic cavity and yolk sac:
- Amniotic cavity - surrounds what and protects what?
- Yolk sac - what arises here (2)?
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The placenta:
- By week 4, what does the placenta permit?
- Embryo grows out from the wall of the _____
- Embryo connected to the placenta via what? Contains what? Allows what?
- Made up of what?
- Exchange what three things across what and what does this structure contain and how was it made?
- What bathes in maternal blood?
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