Lecture #21 -Blood clotting and blood groups Flashcards
- What is haemostasis and blood coagulation? 2. What three things react together in haemostasis?
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- What stages comprise haemostasis? 2. What are the a, b and c and how often does bleeding need to go to stage 2 and 3?
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Blood clotting 1. If by the end of stage 1 you haven’t fully stopped bleeding - platelets themselves activate what? What does this catalyse? Then what does that thing do to fibrinogen? And then what is formed? 2. The activation of stage 1 provides the…..
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Blood coagulation pathways for Stage 1 - precedes prothrombin activator: 1. What occurs on the surface of the activated platelets? Sequential…. = c____ c____ 2. What are the two different pathways? Briefly describe them 3. Both pathways provide the catalyst for activation of what? This is the trigger for?
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Briefly describe the diagram of the clothing cascade Where do the two pathways join? What about haemophilia?
So tissue damage will trigger the extrinsic pathway. So the tissue damage results in the RELEASE OF TISSUE FACTOR (outside blood this extrinsic) and in a coordinated series of chemical reactions that follow, this factor + Ca2+ ions + factor V + factor VII forms a complex that in turn activates factor X and produces prothrombin activator (p616 book) With intrinsic pathway, the damaged endothelial cells and exposing of collagen in turn causes the ACTIVATION OF A NUMBER OF COAGULATION FACTORS PRESENT IN PLASMA (in blood thus intrinsic). So factor XII is activated in this manner and this factor XII then activates XI and that then activates factor IX. Sticky platelets then release platelet factor VIII which activates (along with IX and Ca) factor X which then produces the prothrombin activator And these two occur on the surface of the platelets
Clot dissolution 1. Mechanism that dissolves clots is called? 2. Clot formation and the mechanism above occur _____. Why? 3. Explain how the clot is dissolved
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Explain the formation of the platelet plug and vasoconstriction 1. It utilise the ability of the platelets to: (3) -basically platelets become…… 2. 7 boxes - stage one; fill them in
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Opposing clot formation 1. Limiting the platelet response - what is smooth and prevents adhering? 2. What inhibits platelet aggregation (from endothelium)? 3. What does nitric oxide do? (from endothelium)? 4. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (from endothelium) - what does it do? 5. What is thrombin inhibited by? What enhances the activity of antithrombins? 6. What two things can we ingest to reduce chances of clotting when we want don’t want clots?
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Platelets 1. Circulate as ____ (how long?), irregular ____/oval ____ that assume various shapes on _____ 2. Formation of platelets is called? 3. Stimulated by what? 4. How do they form (pinch off…..) 5. Function?
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What’s the ABO and rhesus system about?
Plasma contains what naturally?
How many genes determine the antigens? How many antigens?
What if you mix small amount of type A blood into type B? Can we completely base the blood transfusion on ABO system?
Rhesus system 1. How much percent of pop are Rh+ and what does that have to do with antigens? 2. Are there any pre-formed ABs? 3. Anti-Rh AB slowly form…… 4. Explain the pregnancy and Rh system 5. What about ABO system and pregnancy
Rhesus system
- How much percent of pop are Rh+ and what does that have to do with antigens?
- Are there any pre-formed ABs?
- Anti-Rh AB slowly form……
- Explain the pregnancy and Rh system
- What about ABO system and pregnancy
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