Lecture #35 - controlling and coordinating the urinary system

Question 1

Normal urine contains what 7 things?

What are 6 things found in pathologic urine and what are the names of the diseases?

Answer 1

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Question 2

Normal urine:

• how does it look? (three colours)
• how does it taste?
• what is pH dependent on? so what’s the diff between vegetarian pee and non-veg pee?
• what does it smell like?

Pathologic urine:

• what colours does it look like (4)?
• how does it take? what does that indicate?
• what does it smell like? (3 things associated with this smell) and also what does it smell like (2 things associated with this one)

Answer 2

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Question 3

Go have a read of all the functions of the kidney

Answer 3

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Question 4

Kidney: hormones

1. EPO
   - describe what happens like what senses and what i made etc
   - what does chronic renal failure lead to and why?
2. Vitamin D
   - essential for what two things?
   - needs conversion to active form called?
   - what enzyme catalyses this final conversion and where is it?
   - so chronic renal failure can lead to?

Answer 4

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Question 5

Kidney: gluconeogenesis/meabolism

1. Gluconeogenesis
   - synthesis of glucose from what and occurs in what two place?
2. Ammonia
   - synthesised and secreted in ____
   - role in what two things?
   - why is it toxic?

Answer 5

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Question 6

Kidney: salt/ion homeostasis - K+

1. K+ concentration is vital for many processes such as…
2. Kidneys do what with potassium?
3. What does kidney disease/failure lead to?
4. If K+ is in excess in ECF, what does it do to the heart?

Answer 6

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Question 7

Kidney: excretion drugs, endogenous metabolites and toxins (aspirin, anti-viral drugs, urea, uric acid, herbal toxins)

1. Lidocaine - what kind of drug is it?
   - (i’m pretty sure it’s injected) where is it metabolised?
   - kidney does what to it?
   - mostly actively secreted/excreted as what?
   - what is the task the kidney just performed?

Answer 7

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Question 8

Kidney: pH regulation

1. Why is it called an open buffer system?
2. Yeah, this is in lecture 41 and 42

Answer 8

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Question 9

What are the three basic nephron processes and their descriptions?

1. F____ - creates a ____ ____ filtrate of the blood
2. R____ - removes what from what and returns them to where?
3. S___ - adds addition ____ from blood to the _____ (e.g……)

How does the kidney know what to filter/excrete?

Answer 9

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Question 10

Filtration:

1. Is the glomeruli selective?
2. Filtration takes place at what rate per day?
3. Reabs of what is really important?

Answer 10

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Question 11

Three diagrams of how substances go through the nephron - describe each and examples of such substances

What isn’t filtered at the glomeruli?

Answer 11

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Question 12

5 places in the nephron - what does each do?

Answer 12

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