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HUBS192 > Lecture #20 - Blood systems 1 > Flashcards

Lecture #20 - Blood systems 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three general functions of blood?

A

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2
Q

General function of blood: transport

  1. Dissipates…..
  2. Transports ____, _____, ______ and other ______ products, water and ______
  3. Transports ______ - coordinates the activities of the organs of the body (maintains _____)
  4. Transports _____ ____, antibodies, _____ _____
A

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3
Q

General function of blood: immune

  1. Via ______ in blood (two kinds of these cells are…), antibodies (i_____) and other WBCs
  2. For fighting _____ and production of the ______ response

What is the first defence for immune response?

A

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4
Q

General function of blood: coagulation

  1. Via what two kinds of cells? and utilises what from plasma?
  2. Why coagulate?
A

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5
Q

A 70kg person had how many litres of blood? And around what percent of total body mass is it?

Blood volume is in proportion to what? So a _____ person has higher % blood volume and what can you say about women?

A

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6
Q

What are the two main components of blood?

A

Plasma and cells

Cells - WBC & platelets (buffy coat) and RBCs

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7
Q
  1. What is plasma? Is it intracellular or not? What kind of extracellular fluids are there in the body?
  2. What two things does it comprise of and what are their percentages?
A
  1. Fluid portion and extracellular fluid and in plasma (not interstitial - that bathes the cells, plasma is in circulation)
  2. Water (90%) and solutes are 10% including plasma proteins and (
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8
Q

What are the three kinds of blood proteins?

  1. A_____ = what’s its main function? Buffers what? Binds and transports what?
  2. G_____ = many different ______ g______ (e.g. i_____ [infection and blood grouping])
  3. F_____ = precursor of what during blood coagulation?
A
  1. Albumins MAINTAIN osmotic pressure, BUFFER blood and TRANSPORT substances (e.g. certain hormones or coagulation factors)
  2. Globulins - many different AB are these (e.g. immunoglobulins - infection and blood grouping)
  3. Fibrinogen - precursor of fibrin
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9
Q

What are the three main type of cells and what is the function of the last one?

A

Platelets/thrombocytes promote blood clotting

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10
Q
  1. What separates blood into its main components?
  2. What is haematocrit?
  3. What else is it called?
  4. What are the numbers for men and women?
  5. Why are men higher?
A
  1. Centrifuge
  2. Fraction of blood occupied by RBCs
  3. Packed cell volume
  4. Men: 0.4 - 0.54 and women = 0.37 - 0.47
  5. Testosterone can affect this so males have higher haemtocrit
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11
Q

Blood cell types pathway

  1. ALL blood cells are derived from a common progenitor cell named…..
  2. What does this differentiate into? (two kinds)
  3. These subsequently differentiate into?
  4. What two main types of WBCs are there and where do they come from?
A
  1. Haemocytoblast
  2. Myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells
  3. RBC, WBC and platelets
  4. Granulocytes (from myeloid) or lymphocytes (from lymphoid) and granulocytes are granulated in appearance
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12
Q

Four types of granulocytes:

  1. N_______ (~___%)
    - What’s the shape of the cell and the nucleus?
    - What’s its one function?
    - What’s its life span?
  2. M____ (~___-___%)
    - What’s the shape of the cell and the nucleus?
    - Function - capable of…..and ingests what three things?
    - Lifespan?
  3. B_____ (
A

Four types of granulocytes:

  1. N_______ (~___%)
    - What’s the shape of the cell and the nucleus?
    - What’s its one function?
    - What’s its life span?
  2. M____ (~___-___%)
    - What’s the shape of the cell and the nucleus?
    - Function - capable of…..and ingests what three things?
    - Lifespan?
  3. B_____ (
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13
Q

One type of lymphocyte:

  1. Lymphocyte (____%)
    - -What’s the shape of the cell and the nucleus?
    - What’re its one function?
    - What’s its life span?
A

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14
Q

RBCs:

  1. What shape?
  2. What do they have for efficient diffusion?
  3. _____ for movement through narrow capillaries
  4. What’s the size?
  5. Main function?
  6. Contain large amounts of what?
  7. What proportion of the weight of an RBC is Hb?
  8. How many g of Hb in one litre of blood if PVC = 45%?
  9. Range of g/L go Hb for men and women?
A

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15
Q

Erythropoiesis

  1. What is it?
  2. What is RBC production stimulated by?
  3. What four things does RBC production require?
  4. What can you say about the rate of production of RBCs and the rate of destruction?
  5. RBC production controlled by what mechanism involving EPO?
  6. Augmented by what hormone?
  7. Reduction in RBCs causes a decrease in O2 delivery - what is it sensed by and how does it respond?
A
  1. If oxygen levels decrease, kidneys release increasing amounts of EPO which in turn stimulates bone marrow to accelerate its production of RBCs (negative feedback)
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16
Q

Destruction of RBCs

  1. What’re their life spans? (what percent die a day?)
  2. Where do they break apart? They become fragile and breakdown
  3. Fragmented RBCs are removed by what cell?
  4. Hb is broken down into what three things and where do they all go?
  5. Explain the jaundice situation
A
  1. Aa’ = used for energy (produce more proteins)
    Iron = transported to bone barrow (recycled) BUT STILL NEED FE IN DIET!
    Bilirubin (pigment) = transported to liver and excreted in bile
  2. Bilirubin is excreted into intestine as part of bile. It’s then converted into pigments that are part of feces. If liver not functioning properly, increase in excretion of the bilirubin (either the cells die or can’t turn bilirubin into conjugated bilirubin) = increase in bilirubin (can be both conjugated or unconjugated) in blood will cause the yellow colour in skin/eyes = JAUNDICE

So bilirubin is the porphyrin ring (heme minus the iron) that’s opened up. Bilirubin is yellowish pigment and it’s toxic so important to remove it from body. Since bilirubin isn’t water soluble, albumin carries it though the blood to the liver. Liver then attaches something to bilirubin and makes it water soluble (now called conjugated bilirubin). Then it’s released into intestine as part of bile. It’s then oxidised to something brown by the bacteria (that’s why feces are brown). Some of the brown stuff absorbed back into blood and goes to kidneys and oxidised to something yellow which gives pee its yellow colour.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIACp5js4MU

17
Q

Anaemia:

  1. What is it? Reduced what?
  2. [Hb] less than what in male and female is classified as anaemia?
  3. What’re the three causes? (two causes within those three have two causes themselves)
A

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18
Q

Why do athletes take Erythropoietin?

A

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HUBS192 (44 decks)

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