Lecture 13 - Structures of the thorax and ventilation

Question 1

What’s Boyle’s Law?

How does inspiration occur?

Answer 1

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Question 2

What’s the landmark between thoracic and abdominal cavities?

Answer 2

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Question 3

What’re the boundaries between of the thoracic cavity?

1. Anterior
2. Posterior
3. Lateral
4. Lateral again
5. Inferior
6. Superior

Answer 3

1. Sternum - ant
2. Vertebra - post
3. Ribs/intercostal muscles - lateral
4. Ditto
5. Diaphragm = inferior
6. Root of neck = superior

Question 4

Thoracic joints - anterior

1. S___ to r____
2. What cartilage? What two joint types?
3. The three joints are what? What are their types? There is an exception to the first one

Answer 4

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Question 5

Thoracic joints - posterior

1. Articulation between what vertebrae and ribs?
2. What kinda joins?
3. How many facets?
4. What are the two names?

Answer 5

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Question 6

1. What three things in the mediastinum?

2. What’s in the pleural cavities?

Answer 6

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Question 7

What are the three muscles of respiration? Which ones is primary and secondary?

Answer 7

1. Diaphragm (primary)
2. Intercostals (secondary)
3. Accessory muscles

Question 8

Diaphragm:

1. Lower boundary of _____ ____
2. What kind of muscle?
3. What nerve innervates it?
4. Contracts when and relaxes when?

Answer 8

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Question 9

Intercostals

External intercostals

1. Superficial/deep to internal?
2. Contract when?
3. What’s the direction of muscle fibres?
4. Pull ribs how?

Internal intercostals

1. Superficial/deep to external intercostals
2. Contract when?
3. Direction of muscle fibres?
4. Pull ribs how?

Answer 9

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Question 10

Accessory muscles

1. Used during?
2. Muscles that are attached to what?
3. An example?

Answer 10

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Question 11

In inspiration, these three move how:

1. Elevation of _____ aspect of ribs in inspiration
2. Sternum moves _____ in inspiration because
3. Diaphragm ____ to increase thoracic capacity

Answer 11

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Question 12

1. What do serous membranes line and secrete what? To help…..
2. Within the thoracic cavity, the serous membranes are called?
   - visceral covers what?
   - parietal covers what?
3. Pleural cavity
   - what is it?
   - contains what?

Answer 12

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Question 13

1. Parietal fluid (serous) allows what movement of the lungs?
2. It reduces what?
3. What is the parietal pleura attached to?
4. Therefore, ____ wall movement = lung movement

Answer 13

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Question 14

Air movement will result from? At the end of expiration…..

Answer 14

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Question 15

Inspiration

1. Elevation of ____ shift of ribs = bucket ___
2. s____ and a____ movement of sternum = like a ____ handle

Answer 15

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Question 16

Inspiration

1. Requires alveoli pressure less or more than atmosphere?
2. Contracts what?
3. Thoracic size volume increase or decrease?
4. Alveolar pressure increase or decrease?
5. Air flows in or out?
6. Diaphragm does what to thoracic cavity?
7. External intercostals do what to thoracic cavity?
8. Accessory muscles = “___ __” lungs, when required (____ breathing) e.g. forced inspiration

Answer 16

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Question 17

Inspiration - effect of the diaphragm

1. _____ contraction
2. Flattens ______
3. _____ dimension thoracic cavity increase/decrease therefore volume of thoracic cavity increase/decrease?

Answer 17

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Question 18

Inspiration - effect of external intercostals

1. _____ inspiration
2. ____ contraction
3. ____ rib cage and pulls sternum ____
4. What things increase?

Answer 18

3. Width, dept and volume of thoracic cavity

Question 19

What if need more expiration? What muscles are used/

Answer 19

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