Lecture #34 - ureters, bladder + urethra

Question 1

Transitional Epithelium:

1. S____, r____ cells
2. _____ when stretched
3. For p_____
4. What three places is it found in?

Answer 1

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Question 2

Ureter

1. Arise from each _____ ____ at each hilum
2. Arise from each renal pelvis at each ____
3. Slender tubes that ___ ____ from kidneys to bladder
4. Descend ____ through abdomen, vertically from hola
5. ______ waves move urine to bladder.
6. What muscles are in this that allow 5.?
7. What are the three layers of the ureter? Why have the muscles of the muscularis in that way?
8. What forms the protein plaques and why are they useful?
9. Run ____ through the wall of bladder at its ______ _______
10. It acts like a ____/valve because…..

Answer 2

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Question 3

Urinary bladder

1. ____ muscular sac which ___ and expels urine
2. When empty, the bladder collapses along folds or ____
3. When full, the bladder expands without great…..
4. Three openings - what are they?
5. What is the triangular region between these openings called? What can persist here?
6. Empty bladder; what shape, and lies within what?
7. As bladder fills, what shape does it become? How does it expand? Can it be palpated - if so, where?
8. Go look at the images of male vs female bladders and describe them
   - Male bladder: anterior to what? Superior to what?
   - Female bladder: anterior to what? Where is the rectum?
9. Urinary bladder wall:
   - innermost layer (mucosa) has what kind of epithelium?
   - then what comes next? the thicket layer….tell me about it
   - last layer is…..

Answer 3

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Question 4

Urethra:

1. Are the walls thick or thin? Muscular or nah? SO what kind of motility? (p___)
2. Drain urine from the bladder, out of the ____
3. Epithelium changes from……and tell me the function of each (yellow)
4. What is in there to protect epithelium from urine?

Answer 4

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Question 5

Male vs female urethra:

1. What are the two main differences
2. What’s the length of each
3. What are the three sections of the male urethra and where do they run through?
4. The epithelium changes the same way for both m/f - true or false?

Answer 5

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Question 6

Urethral sphincter:

1. Internal urethral/urinary sphincter
   - junction of the ____ and ____
   - what muscle?
   - what control?
   - which part of the autonomic nervous system?
2. External urethral/urinary sphincter
   - located where?
   - what muscle?
   - what control?

Urination:

1. Bladder fills with urine and expands and this sends ____ to brain
2. ____ increases as signals increase
3. ____ sphincter relaxes
4. Conscious relaxation of ______ sphincter
5. Issues with control - pregnancy and other issues leading to ____

Answer 6

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