Lecture #24 - The stomach and pancreas Flashcards
Structures of the stomach - there are three modifications of the “GI tube” to do three things:
- S_____
- stomach has an expanded l_____ and s______
- folded submucosa allows for d____ - M_____ d______
- motility - how?
- s______ - C_____ digestion
- secretion of what?
- has a protective what?
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Have a look at the diagram for the stomach (slide 4)
- Where does gas accumulate?
- Where does oesophagus enter?
- What is the addition to the muscularis that you don’t find anywhere else? What does it do?
- What is folded that you can spread out? What are the valleys and hills called?
- What are the two sphincters and which one is good?
- What covers the stomach?
- What is the pylorus? What’s it sometimes called?
- Fundus
- Cardia
- Oblique muscle layer - allows stomach to squeeze food in any direction to pummel it
- Submucosa is folded and the folds are called rugae
- LES > Pyloric
- Mucosa
- Funnel that leads to duodenum - pyloric antrum
What two layers do the rugae comprise of?
How much expansion?
What is at the core of the rugae?
What else is in the submucosa?
Mucosa and submucosa Allows expansion (up to 1.5L)
Slide 7
- Epithelial i____ and forms g____ glands
- What are the four types of cells in gastric glands and their respective things? What two hormones?
- Try label the diagram
- What else is in the muscularis? What two things does it comprise of?
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What 5 things can you see in the photo of the chief cell?
Why do you not need a lot of mucous down in the gastric pit? check that
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Parietal cell
- Pump what into lumen space and then what will follow down the conc grad?
- What two things does this ion pumping cell need?
- What are canaliculus?
- How do you increase the membrane area? Why would you?
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Describe the difference between resting and active parietal cell
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Smooth muscle of stomach:
I think it’s just the muscularis externa they talk about
- Slow contraction so it doesn’t?
- What’s the basal tone?
- What link cells? So it’s e_____ c_____
- When stomach fill - what kind of digestion does it do?
- It also has r_____ which pass through……
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Thinking about a mini essay for stomach:
- Secretion - what does it secrete and it’s controlled
- Protection - has what cells that produce what to protect?
- Movement - what extra thing does it have?
- Storage - why store and how store?
- Controlled release of material into duodenum - how does it control?
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Okay, so what enters the duodenum is a____ and a very fine e_____. What can you say about “acidic” and “fine”?
So the fine emulsion needs d______
How long is the duodenum?
What does the duodenum primarily do? Like what happens here?
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Pancreas is the outgrowth that does the job that the main tube can’t do
- Where is the head of the pancreas?
- Where is the tail?
- How long and how much does it weigh?
- Where does the duct lead into?
- How is the location of the pancreas important?
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There are two secretory units in the pancreas - wha are they?
- Exocrine
- combined what duct? What is combined? check this
- What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
- what is the greater duodenal papilla? What about the lesser one?
- What controls the release? - Endocrine
- islets of L____
- what do they secrete into extracellular space which then enters the capillaries of blood? (don’t need to worry too much about this”
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So the pancreas - has endocrine and exocrine component. The exocrine component is arranged into an a_____ structure (which means grape-like). The secretions produced by the acinus are emptied where? These ducts all join to form the main p_____ duct which empties into where?
(P80 of lab book)
acinar
What do the acini resemble?
Parotid gland
Endocrine pancreas
- Islet contain multiple endocrine cells (what are the three types and what do they release?)
- What’s the major function?
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