Lecture #46 - Female repro 2

Question 1

Oogenesis:

1. What does mitosis to produce primary oocyte?
2. Is the primary oocyte diploid or haploid?
3. Before birth (in the primary oocyte), what starts and is suspended (until recruited at puberty)
4. Under _____ influence (at puberty), primary oocyle completes _______ __ to form two daughter cells (haploid) - what are they? Why do they differ in size?
5. Secondary oocyte halts at what until when?
6. When does meiosis 2 resume in the secondary oocyte?
7. If the secondary oocyte in the egg isn’t fertilised, what happens to it?

Answer 1

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Question 2

Female reproductive hormones:

1. What does the hypothalamus release?
2. What does the ant pit release?
3. What do the ovary follicles release?
4. What does the corpus luteum release?

Answer 2

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Question 3

What do these hormones do:

1. GnRH (hypothalamus)
2. FSH (ant pit)
3. LH (ant pit)
4. Estradiol (released by what?) - 5 functions
5. Inhibin (released by what?)
6. Progesterone (released by what?) - 3

Answer 3

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Question 4

What is the ovarian cycle and what is the menstrual/endometrial cycle?

Answer 4

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Question 5

Why would you want to increase inhibin post ovulation?

Answer 5

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Question 6

Ovarian cycle:

1. What are the two phases?

Answer 6

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Question 7

Follicular (preovulatory phase)

1. What forms?
2. Growing what? What do the granulosa cells secrete? What does this do to the FSH from the ant pit?
3. Mature follicle _____ on the surface of the ovary
4. Last say preovulatory ______ is very high
5. Estradiol stimulates ____ and ______ and these increase ____ and ____
6. Follicle _____
   - oocyte enters _____ ____/collected into _____ ___

Answer 7

Okay so FSH bump at the start stimulates primary follicles to begin growing. The growing follicles have granulosa cells which secrete estradiol and inhibin (both negatively feedback to the reduce FSH from ant pit).

-In this instance the estradiol provides an inhibitory feedback onto the anterior pituitary to reduce FSH levels. This is because you only want to have a certain limiting amount of FSH circulating - this prevents too much follicular growth once a select number have been recruited (thus ensuring the follicular pool is not depleted too early). Inhibin is also acting in a similar manner, but this is more profound in the post ovulatory state (where the corpus luteum secretes more inhibin to prevent follicular growth during a phase in which a pregnant state may potentially be initiated)-

Then, the mature follicle protrudes out the surface of the ovary. The pre-ovulatory estradiol is very high and estradiol stimulates LH and GnRH which increases FSH and LH. Then the follicle ruptures and oocyte enters peritoneal space and is collected into uterine tube

Question 8

Luteal phase:

1. Ovulated follicle collapses and forms _____ ____ cells
   - what three things are released by left over cells?
2. What do these do? (negative feedback on hypo)
3. Progesterone from corpus leutuem increases and stimulates……
4. LH falls and so what does corpus luteum do?
   - fall in what two hormones?
   - what does this result in>

Answer 8

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Question 9

What are the two phases of the endometrial cycle?

Answer 9

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Question 10

Proliferative (and menstrual before) stage:

1. What stimulates enodometrial growth from day 6?
2. What grows or proliferates?
3. After ovulation (day 14), what happens?

Answer 10

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Question 11

Secretory (and pre-menstrual end part)

1. What promotes endometrial gland and stream growth?
2. Onset of premenstrual phase - what 4 things are associated with it?

Answer 11

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Question 12

Amenorrhea

1. Absence of what?
2. Can be what two kinds?
3. Why both? What’s the pathway
4. How is amenorrhea related to weight loss?
5. When is there high estradiol and what does it do?

Answer 12

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Question 13

Osteoporosis

1. What is it?
2. When does it occur?
3. Lack of estradiol does what to bone?
4. What are the 3 things happen with the bone deposition thing?

Answer 13

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Question 14

Breasts:

1. Where do they lie?
2. What is their function?
3. What two hormones prepare breast tissue?
4. 6 structures in them - what are they?
5. What ligaments support gland?
6. After birth
   -decrease in what hormone?
   -increase in what hormone and what does it do?
   increase in another hormone and what does it do (also to childbirth)

Answer 14

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Question 15

Menarche and menopause

1. What is menarche, what age and what influences it (2)?
2. What is menopause and what age and reduction in what two hormones?
   - why?
   - What is no longer active so what is high?

Answer 15

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