Lecture 4: Upper Limb Skeleton

Question 1

Shoulder girdle

Answer 1

Clavicle and scapula which connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton
Part of the appendicular skeleton

Question 2

Clavicle

Answer 2

Only horizontal long bone
Medial/sternal end (round)
Lateral/acromial end (flat)
Body in between
Medial end is convex anteriorly
Lateral end is concave anteriorly

Question 3

Scapula borders

Answer 3

Superior
Medial/vertebral
Lateral/axillary

Question 4

Scapula angles

Answer 4

Superior angle (level of TII)
Inferior angle (level of TVII)
Lateral angle (glenoid cavity)

Question 5

Scapula

Answer 5

Flat triangular bone over ribs 2-7 on posterolateral thorax
2 surfaces
3 borders
3 angles
2 processes

Question 6

Anterior view of scapula

Answer 6

Concave surface = sub scapular fossa

Coracoid process: projects anteriorly and laterally (on superior border)

Question 7

Posterior view of scapula

Answer 7

Divided by bony ridge: spine of scapula
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Spine of scapula leads to acromion process laterally (flat bony plate)

Question 8

Glenoid cavity/fossa

Answer 8

Articulates with head of humerus

Supraglenoid and infraglenoid tubercles are superior and inferior to glenoid cavity

Question 9

Proximal end of humerus

Answer 9

Head: smooth spherical surface to articulate with glenoid cavity
Anatomical neck: groove immediately below head
Greater and lesser tubercles: 2 elevations separated by inter-tubercular groove/bicipital groove (where biceps start)
Surgical neck: immediately below tubercles, narrow, common point of fractures

Question 10

Body of humerus

Answer 10

Lateral side has deltoid tuberosity (where deltoid starts)

Faint groove behind shaft is radial groove which has radial nerves

Question 11

Distal end of humerus

Answer 11

Condyle = capitulum (round) and trochlea (pulley shaped)
Lateral and medial epicondyle
Radial fossa superior to capitulum anteriorly
Coronoid fossa superior to trochlea anteriorly
Olecranon fossa superior to trochlea posteriorly

Question 12

Radius

Answer 12

Lateral side of forearm
Proximal end has head, neck, radial tuberosity (attachment of bicep)
Triangular body; prominent medial border is the interosseous border
Distal end has styloid process of radius on lateral side and ulnar notch on medial side

Question 13

Ulna

Answer 13

Medial side of forearm
Proximal end has olecranon process (for olecranon fossa) and coronoid process (for coronoid fossa); trochlear notch in between
Lateral to coronoid process is radial notch
Below coronoid process = ulnar tuberosity for attachment of brachialis
Triangular body; prominent lateral border is the interosseous border
Distal end has head on medial side and styloid process of ulna on lateral side

Question 14

Wrist/carpal bones

Answer 14

8
Proximal row from lateral to medial: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform
Distal row from lateral to medial: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 15

Metacarpal bones

Answer 15

Small long bones
Composed of proximal end (base), body (shaft), distal end (head)
Numbered 1-5 from lateral to medial

Question 16

Finger

Answer 16

3 phalanges - proximal, middle, distal

Thumb has 2 phalanges - proximal, distal