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CAPS 391 > Lecture 1: Overview of Anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Overview of Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Define anatomy and its 3 major division

A

Ana = separate; tomy = cut
3 major divisions: Macroscopic (gross): structures of the body to the naked eye
Microscopic (histology): study structures at the tissue and cellular level
Developmental: different phases from fertilization to puberty.

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2
Q

Differentiate between regional and systemic

A

Regional: target a specific region (ex. neck) and discuss all structures in that region.
Systemic: studying one organ system at a time
Surface anatomy: using both systemic and regional approach

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3
Q

Standard anatomical plane

A

Person standing upright, head level facing forward, upper limbs are at side with palms forward, lower limbs are parallel and feel are flat on the floor with toes forward

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4
Q

Prone vs Supine

A

Prone: body is lying faced down
Supine: body is lying faced up

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5
Q

Anatomical planes

A

Sagittal: vertical plane dividing L/R. Midsagittal creates 2 symmetric halves. Parasagittal creates 2 asymmetric halves.
Coronal/Frontal: vertical plane creating a front and back.
Transverse/Horizontal: divides body into upper and lower half

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6
Q

Anterior vs Posterior

A

Anterior (ventral): closer to the front

Posterior (dorsal): closer to the back

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7
Q

Medial vs Lateral

A

Medial: closer to the midline (mid-sagittal plane)
Lateral: away from the midline

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8
Q

Superior vs Inferior

A

Superior (cranial): closer to the head

Inferior (caudal): closer to the tail/feet

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9
Q

Proximal vs Distal

A

Proximal: closer to the root of the structure
Distal: farther from the root of the structure

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10
Q

Superficial vs Deep

A

Superficial: closer to the surface of the body
Deep: Away from the surface of the body

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11
Q

Ipsilateral vs Contralateral

A

Ipsilateral: on the same side of the body
Contralateral: on the opposite side of the body

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12
Q

Internal vs External

A

Internal: inside a body cavity
External: outside a body cavity

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13
Q

Palm vs Dorsum vs Sole

A

Palm: anterior aspect of the hand
Dorsum: posterior aspect of the foot/hand (veins are visible on this side)
Sole (plantar): inferior aspect of the foot

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14
Q

Extension vs Flexion

A

Extension: straightening or increasing the angle between parts of the body
Flexion: bending or decreasing the angle between parts of the body

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15
Q

Abduction vs Adduction

A

Abduction: moving away from the midline or axis of the body parts (axis of the hand is the 3rd finger; axis of the foot is the 2nd toe)
Adduction: Moving toward the midline or axis of the body parts

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16
Q

Medial vs Lateral Rotation

A

Medial rotation: turning a body part towards the midline

Lateral rotation: turning a body part away from the midline

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17
Q

Pronation vs Supination

A

Pronation: rotation of forearm so palm faces backwards
Supination: rotation of forearm so palm faces forward

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18
Q

Eversion vs Inversion

A

Eversion: turning sole of the foot outward
Inversion: turning sole of the foot inward

19
Q

Plantar vs Dorsal Flexion

A

Plantar flexion: moving foot away from the shin (flexion of the ankle joint)
Dorsal flexion: moving foot towards the shin (extension of the ankle joint)

20
Q

Elevation vs Depression

A

Elevation: upwards movement of the body part
Depression: downwards movement of the body part

21
Q

Protraction vs Retraction

A

Protraction: forward movement of the body part
Retraction: backward movement of the body part

22
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement of body part combining flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and/or rotations

23
Q

Opposition

A

Movement of thumb to touch other finger tips

24
Q

Integumentary System

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous gland, erector pills muscles, subcutaneous layer
Protects body against fluid loss, injury, infection, temperature regulation, collect sensory information

25
Q

Skeletal System

A

Bones, bone marrow, cartilages, joints, ligaments

Support and protect different organs, body movement

26
Q

Nervous System

A

Central nervous system (Brain and spinal cord), peripheral nervous system (spinal and cranial nerves with associated ganglia)
Collecting and processing information from internal/external sources and regulate function of other systems

27
Q

Muscular System

A

Skeletal muscles and tendon

Locomotion

28
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Heart, blood, blood vessels

Distributes oxygen, nutrients, hormones, chemicals to tissues and pick up deoxygenated blood and tissue waste material

29
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels

Defense mechanism of body, absorbs fat from GI tract, monitors contact of lymph and blood

30
Q

Respiratory System

A

Upper and lower airways, lungs, plural membrane

Gas exchange between environment and blood

31
Q

Digestive System

A

Alimentary canal, liver, pancreas

Injection, digestion, absorption, elimination of digested material

32
Q

Urinary System

A

Kidneys, urethra, urinary bladder, ureters

Blood filtration, water maintenance, ionic balance

33
Q

Reproductive System

A

Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva
Male: testes, penis, ducts and glands
Gametes are products, and female system fertilizes, incubates the fertilized egg and delivers the fetus

34
Q

Endocrine System

A

Pineal gland, hypophysis, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreases, gonads
Regulatory mechanism and releases hormones

35
Q

Head (cephalic)

A

Skull (cranium)

Face (facial)

36
Q

Torso (trunk)

A

Back
Thorax
Abdominen
Pelvis

37
Q

Upper Limb

A

Shoulder (pectoral, scapular, deltoid, axilla)
Arm (brachial)
Elbow (antecubital)
Forearm (antebrachium)
Hand (manual) (carpus/wrist, metacarpus, digits/fingers, pollex/thumb)

38
Q

Lower Limb

A 
Gluteal
Thigh (femoral)
Knee (patellar)
Leg (crural)
Foot (pedal) (tarsus/ankle, metatarsus, digits/toes, hallux/big toe)
39
Q

4 Quadrants

A 
Made up of mid-sagittal plane and trasnumbilical plane (across umbilicus/navel)
Right upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Left lower quadrant
40
Q

4 Quadrants

A 
Made up of mid-sagittal plane and trasnumbilical plane (across umbilicus/navel)
Right upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Left lower quadrant
41
Q

9 Regions

A 
Made up of 2 vertical lines (midclavicular lines) and 2 horizontal lines (subcostal and trans tubercular)
Right hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Left hypochondriac region (spleen)
Right lumbar/iliac region
Umbilical region (gallbladder)
Left lumbar/iliac region
Right inguinal/groin region
Hypogastric region (appendix, bladder)
Left inguinal/groin region
42
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A 
Cranial cavity (brain)
Vertebral cavity (spinal cord)
43
Q

Ventral Cavity

A 
Thoracic cavity (trachea, esophagus, heart, lungs)
Abdominal cavity (digestive and urinary system)
Pelvis cavity (urinary and reproductive system)
Thoracic and abdominal cavity divided by diaphragm
44
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Pericardial/inferior mediastinum (heart)
Plural (lungs)
Superior mediastinum (trachea, esophagus)

CAPS 391 (21 decks)

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