Lecture 18: Circulatory System Head, Neck, Upper Limb

Question 1

Pulmonary trunk

Answer 1

Carries deoxygenated blood to lungs

R ventricle branches to R/L pulmonary arteries under arch of aorta

Question 2

Pathway of aorta

Answer 2

Distributes oxygenated blood to body
From L ventricle (middle mediatstinum) as ascending aorta
Enter superior mediastinum and arches to the L forming arch of aorta
Continues to posterior mediastinum as descending aorta
Descends on L side of vertebral column as thoracic aorta past diaphragm to abdominal cavity as abdominal aorta
Abdominal aorta terminates at LIV and branches into L/R common iliac arteries

Question 3

Branches of ascending aorta

Answer 3

L/R coronary arteries

Question 4

Branches of arch of aorta

Answer 4

Brachiocephalic trunk
L common carotid artery
L subclavian artery

Question 5

Brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 5

Branches into:
R common carotid - for R head/neck
R subclavian - R upper limb

Question 6

L common carotid artery

Answer 6

Ascends to L side of neck

Supplies to L head/neck

Question 7

L subclavian artery

Answer 7

Passes under clavicle to L upper limb and continues as axillary artery after passing first rib

Question 8

Pathway of common carotid artery

Answer 8

Ascends on side of neck at divides into internal and external carotid artery at level of superior border of thyroid cartilage/laryngeal eminence
Internal carotid goes into cranial cavity
External carotid supplies outside of skull (face, neck)

Question 9

Major branches of external carotid artery

Answer 9

Facial artery - superficial part of face (muscles deep to face, skin)
Superficial temporal artery - soft tissue on surface of temporal bone
Maxillary artery - largest; deep part of the face (oral/nasal/orbital cavity)

Question 10

Major branches of subclavian artery

Answer 10

Vertebral artery - spinal cord, medulla, cerebellum

Question 11

Vertebral artery

Answer 11

Passes through transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae and enters via foramen magnum
L/R vertebral artery form basilar artery to supply pons and cerebellum
Basilar artery divides into posterior cerebral arteries to supply inferior cerebral hemisphere and medial surface of occipital lobes

Question 12

Branches of internal carotid

Answer 12

Middle cerebral artery - largest; temporal and parietal lobe

Anterior cerebral artery - frontal lobe

Question 13

Communicating arteries

Answer 13

Anterior communicating artery (1) - connects L/R anterior cerebral arteries
Posterior communicating arteries (2) - connects internal carotid and posterior cerebral arteries

Question 14

Circle of Willis

Answer 14

Composed of posterior cerebral, posterior communicating, internal carotid, anterior cerebral, anterior communicating artery
Enables brain to receive blood if there is a pressure change

Question 15

Venous system

Answer 15

Superficial veins - within superficial fascia and drain into deep veins
Deep veins - follow synonymous arteries

Question 16

Dural sinus

Answer 16

Venous channels between layers of dura mater

Large dilated veins

Question 17

Cavernous sinus

Answer 17

Pair
Middle cranial fossa on either side of hypophyseal fossa of sphenoid bone
Collects from orbital cavity

Question 18

Superior and inferior sagittal sinus

Answer 18

Unpaired
In superior and inferior margin of falx cerebri
Collects superficial veins of brain

Question 19

Straight sinus

Answer 19

Unpaired

Receives posterior end of interior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein; join posterior end of superior sagittal sinus

Question 20

Transverse sinus

Answer 20

Paired

Posterior margin of tentorium cerebelli to receive superior sagittal and straight sinus

Question 21

Sigmoid sinus

Answer 21

Paired, S shaped
In groove in mastoid process of temporal bone
Receives all dural sinuses

Question 22

Great cerebral vein

Answer 22

Collects all deep veins of brain and drains into straight sinus

Question 23

Internal jugular vein

Answer 23

At level of jugular foramen
Continuation of sigmoid sinus
Travels with internal and common carotid artery, joins subclavian vein behind sternoclavicular joint to form brachiocephalic joint
Recieves blood from face, deep parts of head/neck
Both brachiocephalic veins join together to make the superior vena cava

Question 24

Anterior and external jugular vein

Answer 24

Superficial veins

Recieves blood from posterior scalp, superficial neck, and drain into subclavian vein

Question 25

Pathway of subclavian artery

Answer 25

Subclavian continues until 1st rib, then becomes axillary artery (between lateral border of first rib to lower margin of teres major) - supplies walls of axilla
Becomes brachial artery from lower margin of teres major to cubital fossa - supplies anterior compartment of arm
Has branch deep brachial artery - supplies posterior compartment of arm
Brachial artery splits into ulnar (medial) and radial (lateral) artery - supplies muscles of forearm)
Branch of ulnar artery - common interosseous artery - supplies deep muscles of forearm
Ulnar and radial arteries form arterial arches (superifical and deep palmar arches) which will give rise to digital arteries - supplies fingers

Question 26

Pathway of upper limb veins

Answer 26

2 venous plexi: palmar and dorsal which have 2 superficial veins - basilic (medial), and cephalic (lateral)
Basilic and cephalic vein communicate by median cubital vein (elbow region)
Basilic vein drains into brachial vein (deep vein) creating the axillary vein
Cephalic vein drains into axillary vein
Axillary vein become subclavian vein past rib 1
Subclavian vein also receives external jugular vein, and joins the internal jugular vein to from the brachiocephlic vein
Brachiocephlic vein joins the opposite side to form the superior vena cava