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CAPS 391 > Lecture 10 & 11: PNS > Flashcards

Lecture 10 & 11: PNS Flashcards

1
Q

PNS

A 
Collection of nerve fibers and ganglia (cluster of neuronal cell bodies)
12 cranial nerves
31 spinal nerves
Autonomic (visceral) nerve fibers
Associated sensory and anatomic ganglia
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2
Q

Cranial nerves

A

12 pairs
First 2 are extensions of cerebrum
CN III-XII have nuclei in brainstem; either sensory, motor, parasympathetic or a combination

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3
Q

Comparison of cranial nerves to spinal cord

A

Sensory nuclei = posterior horn
Motor nuclei = anterior horn
Parasympathetic nuclei = lateral horn in S2-S4
Sensory ganglia = dorsal root ganglia

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4
Q

CNI

A

Olfactory Nerve
Pure sensory
Opening at cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
Sensory ganglia: olfactory bulb
Dendrites extend into nose to pick up smell, then form olfactory tract to convey smell to brain
Doesn’t pass through thalamus

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5
Q

CNII

A

Optic Nerve
Pure sensory
Opening at optic canal
Some optic nerves cross midline at optic chiasm
After midline = optic tract to thalamus
At thalamus, it finds lateral geniculate nucleus and continues as optic radiation/optic projection fibers to visual cortex in occipital lobe

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6
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Behind optic chiasm
Controls endocrine system
Early symptom of cancer/tumor: double vision

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7
Q

CNIII

A

Oculomotor Nerve
Motor and parasympathetic
Opening at superior orbital fissure
Eye muscles (motor)
Iris muscles to change pupil (contract iris = decrease pupil size) (parasympathetic)
Parasympathetic ganglion: ciliary ganglion

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8
Q

CNIV

A

Trochlear Nerve
Pure motor
Opening at superior orbital fissure
Extra ocular muscle - superior oblique muscle

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9
Q

CNV

A

Trigeminal Nerve
Sensory ganglion: semilunar ganglion
3 divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

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10
Q

Ophthalmic Branch (V1)

A

Pure sensory
Opening at superior orbital fissure
Supplies orbital cavity with sensory innervation
Some sensory fibers to sinus and forehead

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11
Q

Maxillary Branch (V2)

A

Pure sensory
Opening at foramen rotundum
Sensory fibers to nasal cavity and upper half of oral cavity (teeth and palettes)
Projects to skin between lower eyelid and upper lip

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12
Q

Mandibular Branch (V3)

A

Sensory and motor
Opening at foramen ovale
Lower half of oral cavity (teeth, pain temperature for anterior 2/3 of tongue), sensory fibers to skin covering mandible (sensory)
Muscles that move mandible for mastication (motor)

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13
Q

CNVI

A

Abducens Nerve
Pure motor
Opening at superior orbital fissure
Muscle that moves eye away from midline

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14
Q

CNVII

A

Facial Nerve
Motor, sensory, parasympathetic
Opening at internal acoustic meatus
Superficial muscles/muscles of expression (motor)
Taste on tongue on anterior 2/3 (sensory)
Sensory ganglion: geniculate ganglion
Sublingual and submandibular gland (both salivary) and lacrimal gland (tears) (parasympathetic)
Parasympathetic ganglion: Submandibular ganglion (salivary) and pterygopalatine (lacrimal) ganglion

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15
Q

CNVIII

A 
Vestibocochlear Nerve
Pure sensory
Opening at internal acoustic meatus
Vestibular: sense of balance/equilibrium
Cochlear: sense of hearing
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16
Q

CNIX

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Sensory, motor, parasympathetic
Opening at jugular foramen
Tiny muscles (motor)
Pain, temperature, taste in posterior 1/3 of tongue, and pharynx (sensory)
Sensory ganglion: superior and inferior ganglion
Parotid gland (largest salivary gland), carotid sinus and carotid body for blood pressure
Parasympathetic ganglion: otic ganglion

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17
Q

CNX

A

Vagus Nerve
Sensory, motor, parasympathetic
Opening at jugular foramen
Larynx (sensory)
Sensory ganglion: superior and inferior ganglion
Muscles of pharynx and larynx (motor)
Parasympathetic innervation to thoracic viscera, and almost all abdominal viscera (stops at left 1/3 of transverse colon)

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18
Q

CNXI

A

Accessory Nerve
Pure motor
Opening at jugular foramen
Supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle

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19
Q

CNXII

A

Hypoglossal Nerve
Pure motor
Opening at hypoglossal canal
Muscles of the tongue

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20
Q

Spinal nerves

A

31 pairs
Connected to spinal cord by ventral (motor) and dorsal (sensory) root; therefore mixed nerves
Immediately splits into ventral (thicker) and dorsal ramus (mixed nerves)

21
Q

Dorsal ramus

A

Do not communicate with each other

Supples deep muscles of the back and overlying skin

22
Q

Ventral ramus

A

Communicates with each other forming a network/plexus to create more choices for different types of nerves

23
Q

T1-T12 ventral ramus

A

Does not form plexus
T1-T11 form intercostal nerves
T12 forms subcostal nerve
Ribs prevent communication

24
Q

Cauda eqina

A

Bundle of roots from lumbar, sacral, coccygeal spinal nerves that descend to respective foramina before emerging vertebral canal

25
Q

Cervical spinal nerves

A

C1-C8
C1-C7 emerges above corresponding vertebrae
C8 emerges between CVII and TI

26
Q

Thoracic spinal nerves

A

T1-T12
Exit below the corresponding vertebrae
Intercostal nerves travel in intercostal space to intercostal and abdominal muscles, and skin of ventral trunk

27
Q

Dermatome

A

Area of skin innervated by single spinal nerve/spinal cord segment

28
Q

Myotome

A

Skeletal muscle innervated by single spinal nerve/spinal cord segment

29
Q

Nerve plexus

A

Intertwined network of nerve fibers

30
Q

Somatic plexus

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerves (except T2-T11)
Ventral rami communicate and redistribute their fibers
Each branch of somatic plexus carries fibers from several spinal nerves
Fibers from each ventral ramus go to several branches

31
Q

Visceral plexus

A

Autonomic nerve fibers

32
Q

Cervical plexus

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerves C1-C5
Cutaneous branches (lesser occipital nerve and greater auricular nerve)
Ansa cervicalis
Phrenic nerve

33
Q

Cutaneous branch

A

Skin to entire neck and back of head (scalp)

34
Q

Ansa cervicalis

A

Superficial muscles in front of neck

35
Q

Phrenic Nerve

A

Diaphragm muscle

36
Q

Brachial Plexus

A 
C5-T1 form roots
Roots form trunks (upper, middle lower)
Each trunk divides to anterior and posterior division
Divisions make 3 cords: lateral, medial and posterior
Branches arise from the cords
Musculo-cutaneous
Radial Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Median Nerve
37
Q

Musculo-cutaneous

A

Mixed
Muscles to anterior arm
Skin on lateral forearm

38
Q

Radial Nerve

A

Mixed
Muscle to posterior arm and posterior forearm
Skin to posterior arm, posterior forearm, back of hand

39
Q

Ulnar Nerve

A

Mixed
Muscle to anterior forearm, hand
Skin to palmar of hand

40
Q

Median Nerve

A

Mixed
Muscle to anterior forearm, hand
Skin to palmar of hand

41
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

L1-L5
Lateral femoral cutaneous
Obturator
Femoral Nerve

42
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous

A

Skin to lateral thigh

43
Q

Obturator

A

Mixed
Muscle to medial thigh
Skin to medial thigh, hip joint, knee joint

44
Q

Femoral Nerve

A

Spinal segment of L2-L4
Muscle to anterior thigh
Skin to anterior thigh, medial thigh and medial leg

45
Q

Sacral plexus

A 
L4-Co1
Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal
Sciatic Nerve (common fibular/peroneal, tibial)
Pudendal Nerve
46
Q

Superior gluteal

A

Muscles to gluteal region

47
Q

Inferior gluteal

A

Muscles to gluteal region

48
Q

Sciatic Nerve

A

Spinal segment of L4-S3
Common fibular: mixed; muscles to anterior and lateral leg, skin to lateral leg and dorsum of foot
Tibial: mixed; muscles to posterior leg and plantar of foot, skin to posterior leg and plantar of foot

49
Q

Pudendal Nerve

A

Mixed
Muscles to pelvic floor
Skin to genitals

CAPS 391 (21 decks)

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