Lecture 13: Skeletal Muscles Head and Neck

Question 1

Types of muscular tissue

Answer 1

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

Question 2

Smooth muscles

Answer 2

Found in blood vessels and hollow viscera (stomach, urinary bladder)
Regular involuntary movements
Autonomic nervous system

Question 3

Cardiac muscles

Answer 3

Found in heart
Rhythmic involuntary contractions
Autonomic nervous system

Question 4

Skeletal muscles

Answer 4

Attached to bones
Required for locomotion
Causes voluntary movements of ones at level of joints
Somatic nervous system

Question 5

Origin

Answer 5

Bony attachment of muscles that remains stationary during muscle contraction

Question 6

Insertion

Answer 6

Attachment of muscle that moves from muscle contraction

Question 7

Function

Answer 7

Movement caused by muscle contraction

Generally insertion moving towards origin or putting them in the same plane

Question 8

Innervation

Answer 8

Somatic nervous system through spinal and cranial nerve that carries the motor impulse

Question 9

Shape

Answer 9

Named after its shape

Ex. Rhomboid, trapezius, deltoid

Question 10

Location

Answer 10

Named after its location

Ex. Pectoralis, intercostal, brachialis

Question 11

Attachment site

Answer 11

Named based on attachment site

Ex. Sternocleidomastoid

Question 12

Number of heads

Answer 12

Muscles have more than 1 head (origin)

Ex. Biceps brachii (2), quadriceps femoris (4)

Question 13

Function

Answer 13

Named based on the function

Ex. Extensor digitorum, erector spinae

Question 14

Direction of fibers

Answer 14

Names after direction of fibrers

Ex. Transversus abdominis, rectus capitis

Question 15

Size

Answer 15

Named after size

Ex. Gluteus maximus, vastus medialis, latissimus dorsi

Question 16

Occipitofrontalis/epicranius muscle

Answer 16

Has frontal belly and occipital belly connected by galea aponeurotic (dense connective tissue)
Function: frontal belly wrinkles skin of forehead, and together they can move the skin on the scalp.
Nerve: CNVII (facial)

Question 17

Superficial muscles or muscles of facial expression

Answer 17

Orbicularis oculi
Nasalis
Orbicularis oris
Nere: CNVII (facial)

Question 18

Orbicularis oculi

Answer 18

Superficial muscle of face
Attached to frontal bone, maxillae, skin around eye
Function: softly close eyes, squeeze eyes, drain tears
Nerve: CNVII (facial)

Question 19

Nasalis

Answer 19

Superficial muscle of face Short muscle fibers run horizontally and join at the midline
Origin: maxilla bone
Function: flares nostril
Nerve: CNVII (facial)

Question 20

Orbicularis oris

Answer 20

Superficial muscle of face Surrounds oral cavity; forms core of lips
Attachment: maxilla, mandible, skin around oral cavity
Function: closes lips, squeeze lips (kissing)
Nerve: CNVII (facial)

Question 21

Deep muscles or muscles of mastication

Answer 21

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
Nerve: V3 (mandibular branch) of CNV (trigeminal)

Question 22

Masseter

Answer 22

Deep muscle of face
Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: lateral surface of ramus of mandible; fibers run vertically
Function: elevates mandible and closes the jaw (generates most force per square inch), clenches teeth
Nerve: V3 of CNV

Question 23

Temporalis

Answer 23

Deep muscle of face
Origin: lateral surface of temporal bone (temporal fossa)
Insertion: coronoid process of mandible 
Function: elevate mandible (close mouth)
Nerve: V3 of CNV

Question 24

Medial pterygoid

Answer 24

Deep muscle of face
Origin: pterygoid of sphenoid bone
Insertion: medial surface of ramus of mandible
Function: elevate mouth/close mouth, moves mouth from side to side
Nerve: V3 of CNV

Question 25

Lateral pterygoid

Answer 25

Deep muscle of face Origin: pterygoid of sphenoid bone Insertion: condylar process of mandible and articular disc of temporomandibular joint Function: protrudes mandible and prepares the jaw to opening; unlocks the TMJ, moves mouth side to side Nerve: V3 of CNV

Question 26

Extraoccular muscles

Answer 26

7 total, only 6 attach to the eyeball Levator palpebrae superiors elevates the upper eyelid Nerve: CNIII, IV, VI

Question 27

Longitudinal pharyngeal muscles or laryngeal elevators

Answer 27

Elevates larynx and pharynx Used when swallowing Nerve: CNX

Question 28

Circular pharyngeal muscles of pharyngeal constrictors

Answer 28

Constricts lumen of pharynx Used when swallowing Nerve: CNX

Question 29

Paltal/palatine muscles

Answer 29

To elevate or stretch soft palate - origin: base of cranium, insertion: soft palate To depress soft palate - origin: soft palate, insertion: tongue or pharynx Nerve: CNX

Question 30

Muscles of tongue

Answer 30

19 muscles Intrinsic muscles: origin and insertion in the tongue Extrinsic muscles: origin from styloid process, hyoid bone, mandible, soft palate; insertion in tongue Nerve: CNXII

Question 31

Muscles of larynx

Answer 31

Intrinsic: between laryngeal cartilage and change tension/length of vocal cords during phonation and respiration; nerve: CNX Extrinsic: supra hyoid and infra hyoid muscles that elevate and depress the larynx; nerve: supra - V3 of CNV or CNVII, infra - ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus

Question 32

Superficial muscles of the neck

Answer 32

Sternocleidomastoid Infrahyoid Suprahyoid

Question 33

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 33

Superficial muscle of the neck Origin: Sternum and clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone Function: Side flexion and contralateral rotation of head/neck Nerve: CNXI

Question 34

Infrahyoid

Answer 34

Superficial muscle of the neck Origin: Sternum Insertion: Thyroid cartilage or hyoid bone Function: Depress hyoid bone and larynx; stabilize hyoid bone to enable supra hyoid muscles to do their job Nerve: Ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus

Question 35

Suprahyoid

Answer 35

``` Superficial muscle of neck Origin: Temporal bone or mandible Insertion: Hyoid bone Function: Elevate hyoid bone and larynx, depress mandible Nerve: V3 of CNV or CNVII ```

Question 36

Deep muscles of neck

Answer 36

Scalene | Prevertebral

Question 37

Scalene

Answer 37

Deep muscle of neck 3 per side: anterior, middle, posterior Origin: Transverse process of cervical vertebrae Insertion: rib 1 and 2 Function: Elevation of first 2 ribs (accessory respiratory muscle), or laterally flex neck Nerve: Anterior/ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

Question 38

Prevertebral

Answer 38

Deep muscles of neck Origin: vertebral bodies of cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae Insertion: transverse process of upper cervical vertebrae or occipital bone Function: flex head/neck and stabilize cervical vertebrae Nerve: ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves