Lecture 13: Skeletal Muscles Head and Neck Flashcards
Types of muscular tissue
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth muscles
Found in blood vessels and hollow viscera (stomach, urinary bladder)
Regular involuntary movements
Autonomic nervous system
Cardiac muscles
Found in heart
Rhythmic involuntary contractions
Autonomic nervous system
Skeletal muscles
Attached to bones
Required for locomotion
Causes voluntary movements of ones at level of joints
Somatic nervous system
Origin
Bony attachment of muscles that remains stationary during muscle contraction
Insertion
Attachment of muscle that moves from muscle contraction
Function
Movement caused by muscle contraction
Generally insertion moving towards origin or putting them in the same plane
Innervation
Somatic nervous system through spinal and cranial nerve that carries the motor impulse
Shape
Named after its shape
Ex. Rhomboid, trapezius, deltoid
Location
Named after its location
Ex. Pectoralis, intercostal, brachialis
Attachment site
Named based on attachment site
Ex. Sternocleidomastoid
Number of heads
Muscles have more than 1 head (origin)
Ex. Biceps brachii (2), quadriceps femoris (4)
Function
Named based on the function
Ex. Extensor digitorum, erector spinae
Direction of fibers
Names after direction of fibrers
Ex. Transversus abdominis, rectus capitis
Size
Named after size
Ex. Gluteus maximus, vastus medialis, latissimus dorsi
Occipitofrontalis/epicranius muscle
Has frontal belly and occipital belly connected by galea aponeurotic (dense connective tissue)
Function: frontal belly wrinkles skin of forehead, and together they can move the skin on the scalp.
Nerve: CNVII (facial)
Superficial muscles or muscles of facial expression
Orbicularis oculi
Nasalis
Orbicularis oris
Nere: CNVII (facial)
Orbicularis oculi
Superficial muscle of face
Attached to frontal bone, maxillae, skin around eye
Function: softly close eyes, squeeze eyes, drain tears
Nerve: CNVII (facial)
Nasalis
Superficial muscle of face Short muscle fibers run horizontally and join at the midline
Origin: maxilla bone
Function: flares nostril
Nerve: CNVII (facial)
Orbicularis oris
Superficial muscle of face Surrounds oral cavity; forms core of lips
Attachment: maxilla, mandible, skin around oral cavity
Function: closes lips, squeeze lips (kissing)
Nerve: CNVII (facial)
Deep muscles or muscles of mastication
Masseter Temporalis Medial pterygoid Lateral pterygoid Nerve: V3 (mandibular branch) of CNV (trigeminal)
Masseter
Deep muscle of face
Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: lateral surface of ramus of mandible; fibers run vertically
Function: elevates mandible and closes the jaw (generates most force per square inch), clenches teeth
Nerve: V3 of CNV
Temporalis
Deep muscle of face Origin: lateral surface of temporal bone (temporal fossa) Insertion: coronoid process of mandible Function: elevate mandible (close mouth) Nerve: V3 of CNV
Medial pterygoid
Deep muscle of face
Origin: pterygoid of sphenoid bone
Insertion: medial surface of ramus of mandible
Function: elevate mouth/close mouth, moves mouth from side to side
Nerve: V3 of CNV
Lateral pterygoid
Deep muscle of face
Origin: pterygoid of sphenoid bone
Insertion: condylar process of mandible and articular disc of temporomandibular joint
Function: protrudes mandible and prepares the jaw to opening; unlocks the TMJ, moves mouth side to side
Nerve: V3 of CNV
Extraoccular muscles
7 total, only 6 attach to the eyeball
Levator palpebrae superiors elevates the upper eyelid
Nerve: CNIII, IV, VI
Longitudinal pharyngeal muscles or laryngeal elevators
Elevates larynx and pharynx
Used when swallowing
Nerve: CNX
Circular pharyngeal muscles of pharyngeal constrictors
Constricts lumen of pharynx
Used when swallowing
Nerve: CNX
Paltal/palatine muscles
To elevate or stretch soft palate - origin: base of cranium, insertion: soft palate
To depress soft palate - origin: soft palate, insertion: tongue or pharynx
Nerve: CNX
Muscles of tongue
19 muscles
Intrinsic muscles: origin and insertion in the tongue
Extrinsic muscles: origin from styloid process, hyoid bone, mandible, soft palate; insertion in tongue
Nerve: CNXII
Muscles of larynx
Intrinsic: between laryngeal cartilage and change tension/length of vocal cords during phonation and respiration; nerve: CNX
Extrinsic: supra hyoid and infra hyoid muscles that elevate and depress the larynx; nerve: supra - V3 of CNV or CNVII, infra - ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus
Superficial muscles of the neck
Sternocleidomastoid
Infrahyoid
Suprahyoid
Sternocleidomastoid
Superficial muscle of the neck
Origin: Sternum and clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone
Function: Side flexion and contralateral rotation of head/neck
Nerve: CNXI
Infrahyoid
Superficial muscle of the neck
Origin: Sternum
Insertion: Thyroid cartilage or hyoid bone
Function: Depress hyoid bone and larynx; stabilize hyoid bone to enable supra hyoid muscles to do their job
Nerve: Ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus
Suprahyoid
Superficial muscle of neck Origin: Temporal bone or mandible Insertion: Hyoid bone Function: Elevate hyoid bone and larynx, depress mandible Nerve: V3 of CNV or CNVII
Deep muscles of neck
Scalene
Prevertebral
Scalene
Deep muscle of neck
3 per side: anterior, middle, posterior
Origin: Transverse process of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: rib 1 and 2
Function: Elevation of first 2 ribs (accessory respiratory muscle), or laterally flex neck
Nerve: Anterior/ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves
Prevertebral
Deep muscles of neck
Origin: vertebral bodies of cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: transverse process of upper cervical vertebrae or occipital bone
Function: flex head/neck and stabilize cervical vertebrae
Nerve: ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves
