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CAPS 391 > Lecture 13: Skeletal Muscles Head and Neck > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Skeletal Muscles Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Types of muscular tissue

A

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

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2
Q

Smooth muscles

A

Found in blood vessels and hollow viscera (stomach, urinary bladder)
Regular involuntary movements
Autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

Cardiac muscles

A

Found in heart
Rhythmic involuntary contractions
Autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Attached to bones
Required for locomotion
Causes voluntary movements of ones at level of joints
Somatic nervous system

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5
Q

Origin

A

Bony attachment of muscles that remains stationary during muscle contraction

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6
Q

Insertion

A

Attachment of muscle that moves from muscle contraction

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7
Q

Function

A

Movement caused by muscle contraction

Generally insertion moving towards origin or putting them in the same plane

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8
Q

Innervation

A

Somatic nervous system through spinal and cranial nerve that carries the motor impulse

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9
Q

Shape

A

Named after its shape

Ex. Rhomboid, trapezius, deltoid

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10
Q

Location

A

Named after its location

Ex. Pectoralis, intercostal, brachialis

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11
Q

Attachment site

A

Named based on attachment site

Ex. Sternocleidomastoid

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12
Q

Number of heads

A

Muscles have more than 1 head (origin)

Ex. Biceps brachii (2), quadriceps femoris (4)

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13
Q

Function

A

Named based on the function

Ex. Extensor digitorum, erector spinae

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14
Q

Direction of fibers

A

Names after direction of fibrers

Ex. Transversus abdominis, rectus capitis

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15
Q

Size

A

Named after size

Ex. Gluteus maximus, vastus medialis, latissimus dorsi

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16
Q

Occipitofrontalis/epicranius muscle

A

Has frontal belly and occipital belly connected by galea aponeurotic (dense connective tissue)
Function: frontal belly wrinkles skin of forehead, and together they can move the skin on the scalp.
Nerve: CNVII (facial)

17
Q

Superficial muscles or muscles of facial expression

A

Orbicularis oculi
Nasalis
Orbicularis oris
Nere: CNVII (facial)

18
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

Superficial muscle of face
Attached to frontal bone, maxillae, skin around eye
Function: softly close eyes, squeeze eyes, drain tears
Nerve: CNVII (facial)

19
Q

Nasalis

A

Superficial muscle of face Short muscle fibers run horizontally and join at the midline
Origin: maxilla bone
Function: flares nostril
Nerve: CNVII (facial)

20
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Superficial muscle of face Surrounds oral cavity; forms core of lips
Attachment: maxilla, mandible, skin around oral cavity
Function: closes lips, squeeze lips (kissing)
Nerve: CNVII (facial)

21
Q

Deep muscles or muscles of mastication

A 
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
Nerve: V3 (mandibular branch) of CNV (trigeminal)
22
Q

Masseter

A

Deep muscle of face
Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: lateral surface of ramus of mandible; fibers run vertically
Function: elevates mandible and closes the jaw (generates most force per square inch), clenches teeth
Nerve: V3 of CNV

23
Q

Temporalis

A 
Deep muscle of face
Origin: lateral surface of temporal bone (temporal fossa)
Insertion: coronoid process of mandible 
Function: elevate mandible (close mouth)
Nerve: V3 of CNV
24
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

Deep muscle of face
Origin: pterygoid of sphenoid bone
Insertion: medial surface of ramus of mandible
Function: elevate mouth/close mouth, moves mouth from side to side
Nerve: V3 of CNV

25
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

Deep muscle of face
Origin: pterygoid of sphenoid bone
Insertion: condylar process of mandible and articular disc of temporomandibular joint
Function: protrudes mandible and prepares the jaw to opening; unlocks the TMJ, moves mouth side to side
Nerve: V3 of CNV

26
Q

Extraoccular muscles

A

7 total, only 6 attach to the eyeball
Levator palpebrae superiors elevates the upper eyelid
Nerve: CNIII, IV, VI

27
Q

Longitudinal pharyngeal muscles or laryngeal elevators

A

Elevates larynx and pharynx
Used when swallowing
Nerve: CNX

28
Q

Circular pharyngeal muscles of pharyngeal constrictors

A

Constricts lumen of pharynx
Used when swallowing
Nerve: CNX

29
Q

Paltal/palatine muscles

A

To elevate or stretch soft palate - origin: base of cranium, insertion: soft palate
To depress soft palate - origin: soft palate, insertion: tongue or pharynx
Nerve: CNX

30
Q

Muscles of tongue

A

19 muscles
Intrinsic muscles: origin and insertion in the tongue
Extrinsic muscles: origin from styloid process, hyoid bone, mandible, soft palate; insertion in tongue
Nerve: CNXII

31
Q

Muscles of larynx

A

Intrinsic: between laryngeal cartilage and change tension/length of vocal cords during phonation and respiration; nerve: CNX
Extrinsic: supra hyoid and infra hyoid muscles that elevate and depress the larynx; nerve: supra - V3 of CNV or CNVII, infra - ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus

32
Q

Superficial muscles of the neck

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Infrahyoid
Suprahyoid

33
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Superficial muscle of the neck
Origin: Sternum and clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone
Function: Side flexion and contralateral rotation of head/neck
Nerve: CNXI

34
Q

Infrahyoid

A

Superficial muscle of the neck
Origin: Sternum
Insertion: Thyroid cartilage or hyoid bone
Function: Depress hyoid bone and larynx; stabilize hyoid bone to enable supra hyoid muscles to do their job
Nerve: Ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus

35
Q

Suprahyoid

A 
Superficial muscle of neck
Origin: Temporal bone or mandible
Insertion: Hyoid bone
Function: Elevate hyoid bone and larynx, depress mandible
Nerve: V3 of CNV or CNVII
36
Q

Deep muscles of neck

A

Scalene

Prevertebral

37
Q

Scalene

A

Deep muscle of neck
3 per side: anterior, middle, posterior
Origin: Transverse process of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: rib 1 and 2
Function: Elevation of first 2 ribs (accessory respiratory muscle), or laterally flex neck
Nerve: Anterior/ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

38
Q

Prevertebral

A

Deep muscles of neck
Origin: vertebral bodies of cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: transverse process of upper cervical vertebrae or occipital bone
Function: flex head/neck and stabilize cervical vertebrae
Nerve: ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

CAPS 391 (21 decks)

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