Lecture 19: Circulatory System Trunk and Lower Limbs

Question 1

Thoracic aorta

Answer 1

Continuation of arch of aorta descending in posterior mediastinum through diaphragm at TXII
Supplies all thoracic viscera except heart (lung tissue, esophagus)

Question 2

Abdominal aorta

Answer 2

Continuation of thoracic aorta past diaphragm from TXII - LIV
Supplies abdominal viscera

Question 3

Branches of abdominal aorta

Answer 3

Celiac trunk/artery
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 4

Celiac trunk

Answer 4

Divides into left gastric, common hepatic, splenic branches

Spplies esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, spleen, pancreas, upper half of duodenum

Question 5

Superior mesenteric artery

Answer 5

Lower half of duodenum, pancreas, small intestine, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, R 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 6

Inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 6

L 1/2 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper anal canal

Question 7

Common iliac arteries

Answer 7

After abdominal artery ends at L4, it divides into L/R common iliac arteries
Splits into internal and external iliac arteries at sacroiliac joints

Question 8

Internal iliac artery

Answer 8

Goes into pelvic cavity

Supplies pelvic viscera (rectum, uterus, bladder, prostate)

Question 9

External iliac artery

Answer 9

Supplies anterior abdominal wall and false pelvic masculature

Question 10

Pathway of arteries to lower limb

Answer 10

External iliac artery passes deep to inguinal ligament and continues as femoral artery - supplies anterior and medial compartments of thigh
Has branch, deep femoral artery - supplies posterior compartment of thigh
Femoral artery continues to posterior aspect of knee joint and becomes popliteal artery - supplies knee joint and soft tissues around
Popliteal artery divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Anterior tibial artery - supplies anterior compartment of leg
Posterior tibial artery - supplies lateral and posterior compartment of leg
Tibial arteries will reach the foot and form arterial arches

Question 11

Pathway of veins from lower limb

Answer 11

2 superficial veins
Greater saphenous vein (medial) -drains into femoral vein
Small saphenous vein (lateral) - drains into popliteal vein
Femoral vein becomes external iliac vein after passing inguinal ligament

Question 12

Pathway of veins from pelvic region

Answer 12

Internal iliac vein collects venous blood of pelvis
External iliac vein collects from lower anterior abdominal wall and false pelvis walls, and continues from femoral vein
Internal and external iliac vein to make L/R common iliac vein at LV
Common iliac veins give rise to inferior vena cava (1 inch)

Question 13

Pulmonary veins

Answer 13

Pair of veins receiving oxygenated blood from lung and drain into L atrium

Question 14

Superior vena cava

Answer 14

Union of L/R brachiocephlic veins behind first costal cartilage
Drains into R atrium
Receives venous blood of head, neck, upper limbs, thorax (except heart)

Question 15

Inferior vein cava

Answer 15

Union of L/R common iliac veins
Drains into R atrium
Receives venous blood from abdominal viscera, lower limbs, pelvis

Question 16

Azygos system

Answer 16

Veins that drain venous blood of chest wall
Anterior intercostal vein - drain to internal thoracic vein which drains to brachiocephalic vein
Posterior intercostal vein - drain into azygus, hemiazygus, accessory hemiazygus vein; ultimately drains into superior vena cava

Question 17

Hepatic portal system

Answer 17

Hepatic portal vein
Splenic vein - at spleen, receives blood of spleen, stomach, pancreas
Inferior mesenteric vein - receives blood of splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
Superior mesenteric vein - receives blood of small intestine, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon

Question 18

Hepatic portan vein

Answer 18

Collects venous blood from digestive system below diaphragm (esophagus, stomach, small/large intestine, pancreas, spleen) to liver
Nutrients need to be metabolized before entering the inferior vena cava