Lecture 4 Flashcards
What is Motor Control
what are four characteristics of human movement
- flexible
- unique
- consistent
- modifiable
characteristic of human movement : flexible (what is it and what principle is it linked to)
linked to the principle of motor equivalence
- we can apply our abilities and skills in many different ways
characteristic of human movement : unique ( what is meant by this )
no two movements are performed in the exact same way, there are subtle changes in posture and movement
what are internal non linearities (context conditioned variability)
central drive, elastic properties of locomotor apparatus
what are external non linearities (context conditioned variability)
changes in force and their directions between movements
characteristic of human movement : consistent ( what is meant by this )
in general, the temporal and spatial pattern of movements remains similar
characteristic of human movement : consistent ( what are the advantages to this)
perform higher if we have trained a certain thing consistently
characteristic of human movement : consistent ( what are the disadvantages to this )
if you are doing something incorrectly then you will perform worse
- also fatigue
characteristic of human movement : modifiable ( what is meant by this )
the capability to alter movement patterns : during motion and various environments
example of an open environment discrete skill
lineout throw
example of a closed environment discrete skill
pool or darts
example of a closed environment serial skill
chess
example of a open environment serial skill
surfing
example of a open environment continuous skill
biking outdoors
example of a closed environment continuous skill
running on a treadmill
what does the perceptual motor integration problem involve
interaction between peripheral and central systems
how do we solve the problems of motor control
by experiencing, developing and learning postural skills
what is coordination
the function of constraining the components of the motor system into a behavioural unit
what is control
the function of determining the acceptable parameters for the coordinative structures
i.e range of motion of joints, force, speed etc
what is skill (Newell, 1985)
the optimisation of coordinative structure behaviour
what is feedback control
use of information recieved via sensory receptors to guide movement
what is feedforward control
movements based on predictions
what is anticipatory postural adjustments
preparatory development of muscle tone and coordination to enable effective future movement
what are compensatory / intergrative postural adjustments
muscle actions that enable continued effective behaviour
what is meant by motor enhances perception
to get more input
what is meant by motor informs perception (example)
when looking at a hill with a heavy backpack on the brain will perceive the hill to be steeper
what is meant by maximum certainty when talking about a skill
relatively low performance variability
what is meant by minimum energy when talking about a skill
efficiency and economy
what is meant by minimum time when talking about a skill
related to performance speed e.g typing on keyboard or pitching a baseball
three factors that drive solving the degrees of freedom problem
- stability
- efficiency
- end state comfort
what is stability (in terms of degrees of freedom)
relatively low movement variability
what is efficiency (in terms of degrees of freedom)
relatively low energy expenditure, use of gravity
if possible, utilise the physical and mechanical properties of muscles and tendons
what is end state comfort (in terms of degrees of freedom)
avoidance of discomfort, maximise potential for future movement
