Lecture 34 Flashcards
The Golden Years
what is the deliberate practice period of time that is often said to be needed to become skilled
10,000 hours
4 graphs on strength, VO2 max, reaction time and exercise tolerance against age show what change in capacity (when is peak physiological performance achievable)
- non linear change in capacity also changes in males and females
what does the long term athlete development (LTAD) model provides information on what
provides info about when they think specific skills or qualities of movements should be targeted by coaches
what are the 5 S’s in LTAD model
stamina, strength, speed, skill and suppleness
what does the YPD model suggest in terms of development of skill
fundamental motor skills should be learnt before sport specific skills
what amount of time does the LTAD model suggest you need to practice to become expoert
10,000 hours or 10 years
what is considered a good reference point in the LTAD model
peak height velocity is a good reference point
what periods exist in the LTAD model
critical and sensitive periods exist in which accelerated learning can take place
what are references points in YPD model
peak height velocity and puberty as reference points
what based approach is used in the YPD model
constraints based approach
when is there focus on endurance in the YPD model
no focus on endurance until adulthood
how many physical qualities are included in the YPD model
9 physical qualities
what do both the YPD and the LTAD models focus on
sport specific skills
how many regression theories are there
5
what is the genetic theory (regression theories)
aging controlled by genes, there is a point in time where genes prioritise different things
what is the wear and tear theory (regression theories) and how is this linked to overload
repair but cant keep up with the damage
overload : doing more than your body can handle to drive adaptations but eventually doing this the body can not keep up
what is the cellular garbage / mutation theory (regression theories)
body accumulates waste products, including free radicals
what is the immune system theory (regression theories)
ability to fight infection is reduced
what is the hormonal theory
atrophy of the thymus gland influences immune function
decrease in oestrogen and growth hormone also influential
what aspects decline as we reach the age of 30
decreased cardiorespiratory function
decreased muscular strength
decreased flexibility
decreased neural function
decreased vision
decreased vestibular function
decreased balance
what aspects increase as we reach the age of 30
increased blood pressure
increased body fat
]increased synaptic density
increased stiffness in connective tissue
increased reaction time slows
postural control in elderly is reduced as a result of ….
as a result of loss of peripheral sensory cues and also deterioration in function of stretch reflexes initiated from muscle spindles
a study done on young people and elderly found decreased speed, cadence, steps length and increased step width which is all associated with what as we age
all changes related to a more cautious gait
