Lecture 34 Flashcards

The Golden Years

1
Q

what is the deliberate practice period of time that is often said to be needed to become skilled

A

10,000 hours

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2
Q

4 graphs on strength, VO2 max, reaction time and exercise tolerance against age show what change in capacity (when is peak physiological performance achievable)

A
  • non linear change in capacity also changes in males and females
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3
Q

what does the long term athlete development (LTAD) model provides information on what

A

provides info about when they think specific skills or qualities of movements should be targeted by coaches

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4
Q

what are the 5 S’s in LTAD model

A

stamina, strength, speed, skill and suppleness

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5
Q

what does the YPD model suggest in terms of development of skill

A

fundamental motor skills should be learnt before sport specific skills

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6
Q

what amount of time does the LTAD model suggest you need to practice to become expoert

A

10,000 hours or 10 years

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7
Q

what is considered a good reference point in the LTAD model

A

peak height velocity is a good reference point

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8
Q

what periods exist in the LTAD model

A

critical and sensitive periods exist in which accelerated learning can take place

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9
Q

what are references points in YPD model

A

peak height velocity and puberty as reference points

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10
Q

what based approach is used in the YPD model

A

constraints based approach

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11
Q

when is there focus on endurance in the YPD model

A

no focus on endurance until adulthood

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12
Q

how many physical qualities are included in the YPD model

A

9 physical qualities

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13
Q

what do both the YPD and the LTAD models focus on

A

sport specific skills

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14
Q

how many regression theories are there

A

5

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15
Q

what is the genetic theory (regression theories)

A

aging controlled by genes, there is a point in time where genes prioritise different things

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16
Q

what is the wear and tear theory (regression theories) and how is this linked to overload

A

repair but cant keep up with the damage

overload : doing more than your body can handle to drive adaptations but eventually doing this the body can not keep up

17
Q

what is the cellular garbage / mutation theory (regression theories)

A

body accumulates waste products, including free radicals

18
Q

what is the immune system theory (regression theories)

A

ability to fight infection is reduced

19
Q

what is the hormonal theory

A

atrophy of the thymus gland influences immune function

decrease in oestrogen and growth hormone also influential

20
Q

what aspects decline as we reach the age of 30

A

decreased cardiorespiratory function

decreased muscular strength

decreased flexibility

decreased neural function

decreased vision

decreased vestibular function

decreased balance

21
Q

what aspects increase as we reach the age of 30

A

increased blood pressure

increased body fat

]increased synaptic density

increased stiffness in connective tissue

increased reaction time slows

22
Q

postural control in elderly is reduced as a result of ….

A

as a result of loss of peripheral sensory cues and also deterioration in function of stretch reflexes initiated from muscle spindles

23
Q

a study done on young people and elderly found decreased speed, cadence, steps length and increased step width which is all associated with what as we age

A

all changes related to a more cautious gait