Lecture 2 Flashcards
what is motor control
the study of neural, physical and behavioural aspects of human movement
what is motor learning
the study of the processes involved in the acquisition of a motor skill and the factors that enhance or inhibit an individuals capability to perform a motor skill
what is motor development
the study of the products and underlying processes of motor behaviour changes across the life span
what is a skill (Bennet and Franson, 2023)
the adaptation of ones coordination patterns to produce functional and beneficial outcomes in contexts that require them
generally, what is an ability
(generally) genetically predetermined general trait or capacity of the individual that affects performance
what is posture (Kendal et al, 2005)
relative arrangement of the body parts
what is technique
any coordination pattern applied to the performance of a specific motor action
example of technique (the nervous system)
the way the nervous system organises the different elements of the body together to move
are there more factors going in to open or closed motor skills
more factors going into open skills
what is the environment predicability like in open and closed skills
open skill = variable and unpredictable environment
closed skill = stable and predictable environment
what are the three types of nature of the skill
- continuous
- discrete
- serial
what is a continuous skill and what is an example
where the movement ongoing and uninterrupted, with no clear beginning or end point
e.g running or swimming
what is a discrete skill and what is an example
they have a clear and defined starting and ending points
e.g throwing or catching
what is a serial skill and what is an example
they consist of a series of discrete actions performed in a specific sequence or order
e.g wrestling takedown or basketball layup
what are the two types of movement precision and examples
- fine motor skills (e.g playing piano or writing)
- gross motor skills (e.g kicking or striking)
two types of time constraint taxonomy
- self paced skills
- externally paced skills
what are self paced skills and examples
tasks where the performer initiates and controls the timing and execution of the movement
e.g foul shot or golf swing
what are externally paced skills and examples
tasks where the timing and execution of the movement are dictated by external factors or cues
e.g cricket batting or hockey shot
what does APA’s stand for
anticipatory postural adjustments
what are APA’s
preparatory movements made by the body’s musculoskeletal system in anticipation of an upcoming voluntary movement
what is the degrees of freedom problem
how the nervous system constrains and controls the large number of degrees of freedom in our body to produce coordinated movement
what is the serial order problem
how do we sequence and time our movements appropriately ?
what are the 6 important issues in motor learning
- performance
- transfer
- feedback
- stages of learning
- practice
- retention
what is phylogeny
evolutionary development of a species
what is ontogeny
development across the lifespan of an individual
