Lecture 14 Flashcards
Summary of Motor Control
given the multiple definitions of motor control, what concepts did they all discuss (3)
the regulation of degrees of freedom, postural control and the mechanisms that are used
what does APA stand for
anticipatory postural adjustments
what does CPA stand for
compensatory postural adjustments
motor control theory considers what is being controlled and ….
how the various process governing control are organised
we gain control of the dynamic, complex, interactive perceptual motor system by ….
by experiencing, developing and learning a variety of postural skills
what are the stages of learning by Newell, 1985
coordination > control > skill
what is meant by coordination (Newell, 1985)
assembling coordinative structures
what is meant by control (Newell, 1985)
determining appropriate parameters for movement
what is meant by skill (Newell, 1985)
enhancing efficiency, effectiveness and end point comfort
what are the three control theories that we were introduced to in motor control
- reflex theories
- hierarchal theories
- dynamical system theories
what is said about new evidence and the three control theories that we were introduced to
new research incorporates aspects from multiple, but in the past there were three distinct models introduced
is there evidence for and against the control theories we were introduced to
yes there is evidence for and against
what is the main aspect of the reflex theory
- reflexes form the basis of all movements
- response chaining
how does the hierarchical theory describe the direction of motor system
motor system is “top - down”
characteristics of hierarchical theory
- different parts of the brain worked on things and sent out commands to the body
- generalized motor programs
- top down
how does the dynamical system theory describe the direction of motor system
motor system is “bottom - up”
characteristics of dynamical systems theory
- perceptual motor system self organises via interacting constraints
- interactive nature of human perceptual motor behaviour
- the demands of the task and what the environment may be presenting us with
how many receptors did chris mention in the sensory structures and processes lecture
8
information from sensory receptors are known as what and received by what
known as afferent signals and received by the primary somatosensory area and association areas of the brain
what information do muscle spindles provide and how to remember this
stretch information (s + s)
what information do golgi tendon organs provide and how to remember this
tension information (t + t)
what does embodied cognition suggest about our adaptability
suggests humans are very adaptable, we use many things to perceive
what is an example of embodied cognition
when people are wearing a heavy backpack they will perceive a hill in front of them differently then if they didnt have the backpack on
what is the idea of predictive processing
that rather than people relying on information stored in their brain from the past, they make predictions on the future based on what they are receiving from the environment
what is active interference
we move to get more information from our environment, so we can more accurately perceive
what is the parietal cortex
association area
