Lecture 4

Question 1

What organ is described as a pump?

Answer 1

Heart

Question 2

Describe the blood vascular system?

Answer 2

A closed supply and drainage system - continuous loop

Question 3

describe the lymphatic (vascular) system?

Answer 3

An open- entry drainage system - one way system

Question 4

Principles of the supply side?

Answer 4

Arteries are the supply path
Important structures often receive supply from two sources
Arteries change their name at each major branch

Question 5

Where are arteries located?

Answer 5

Major arteries are situated to avoid damage… for example deep in the trunk or flexor aspects of limbs

Question 6

principles of the exchange network?

Answer 6

Consists of capillaries of varying degrees and permeabilities…
Continuous (controlled-light)
Fenestrated (leaky)
Sinusoidal (very leaky)

Question 7

Principles of the drainage system?

Answer 7

There are three pathways for drainage…
Deep veins
superficial veins
Lymphatics

Question 8

What is one physical way in which veins differ from arteries ?

Answer 8

The cross sectional area of veins is twice that of arteries in order to shift the same volume of blood per second

Question 9

Diseases associated with the blood vascular system?

Answer 9

Cardiovascular diseases such asd heart disease and stroke cause at least 50% f all deaths.

Question 10

Disease associated with the Lymph Vascular system?

Answer 10

Spread of metastases (cancers)

Question 11

Describe the structure of the heart?

Answer 11

Blunt, cone shaped 
Pointed end - Apex 
Broad end - Base 
Size of approx a closed fist 
Rotated left (base tilted posteriorly)

Question 12

List the layers of the heart wall ?

Answer 12

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

Question 13

Endocardium?

Answer 13

Thin layer within, made up of squamous epithelium, loose irregular fibrous connective tissue, (small) Blood vessels, Purkinje fibres and prevents blood clotting

Question 14

Myocardium?

Answer 14

Layer of Muscle. The heart is a muscular organ therefore the Myocardium is the largest layer.

Question 15

Epicardium?

Answer 15

Outermost layer upon the heart.

Contains visceral pericardium, large blood vessels lose irregular FCT, adipose

Question 16

Pericardium?

Answer 16

Serous membrane - A closed cavity (lubricated sac) and protective layer which the heart sits in

Question 17

Location of the heart?

Answer 17

Sits within our chest in the thorax flanked by the two pleural cavities in a space called the mediastinum

Question 18

What is the point of maximal intensity?

Answer 18

Where the apex beat can be observed. This is due to the apex being tilted and positioned so that it is bagning anteriorly against the chest wall.

Question 19

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 19

4, two chambers ( an atrium and a ventricle) associated with the right pump supplying the pulmonary circuit and two chambers associated with the left ;pump supplying the systemic circuit.

Question 20

What does the right atrium do?

Answer 20

Receiving chamber - receives deoxygenated blood from the periphery.

Question 21

What does the right ventricle do?

Answer 21

Pumping chamber - contraction

Question 22

what does the left atrium do?

Answer 22

Receiving chamber - receives oxygenated blood

Question 23

What does the left ventricle do?

Answer 23

Pumping chamber - contraction

Question 24

What is the superior vena cava?

Answer 24

A large vein that drains all the venous blood from the head, neck, chest and upper limbs. It drains into the superior aspect of the right atrium

Question 25

What is the inferior Vena Cava>

Answer 25

Large vein that drains all the venous blood from below the diaphragm.

Question 26

What is the Coronary sinus?

Answer 26

The venous drainage of the heart itself. Unidirectional flow from the atrium, to the ventricle, to the outflow artery

Question 27

What is the Aorta?

Answer 27

The largest artery in our bodies, it carries blood out into all the peripheral tissues.

Question 28

Where does the right atrium receive blood from?

Answer 28

Deoxygenated blood from…
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena cava
Coronary sinus

Question 29

Where does the left atrium receive blood from?

Answer 29

Oxygenated blood from…

Four pulmonary veins

Question 30

Why is the left ventricle much thicker than the right ventricle?

Answer 30

The right ventricle is much closer to the lungs sot the blood requires less force.

Question 31

What is the pericardial space?

Answer 31

space between the Visceral layer and parietal layer. COntains fluid.