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HUBS 192 > Lecture 24 > Flashcards

Lecture 24 Flashcards

1
Q

How are conditions of the intestinal lumen regulated by receptors?

A

Receptors in the wall of GI tract respond to stretch and change in composition

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2
Q

What are the effectors in the G tract

A

Smooth muscle and glands

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3
Q

What do reflexes stimulated by receptors stimulate?

A

Smooth muscle contraction and gland secretion

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4
Q

How are the conditions of the intestinal lumen in the GI tract regulated?

A

Receptors
Effectors
Nervous and hormonal regulation

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5
Q

How does the CNS regulate GI function?

A

Co-ordinates activity over long distances.
Parasympathetic nervous system stimulates motility and secretion.
Sympathetics Nervous system inhibits motility and secretion.
Modulates activity of ENS.

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6
Q

How does the ENS regulate GI function?

A 
Enteric nervous system (ENS)
Submucosal plexus – regulation of
secretion
Myenteric plexus – regulation of motility
Involved in local reflexes
Peristalsis and segmentation
Totally self contained
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7
Q

How is GI function regulated by hormones?

A

Endocrine and paracrine function.

Critical hormones such as gastrin, GIP, secretin, CCK.

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8
Q

What are the function of motility in the GI trqact?

A

Movement at a controlled rate.
Mechanical digestion.
Mixing.
Exposure to absorptive surfaces.

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9
Q

What are the properties if smooth muscle that assist with GI motility?

A

Spontaneously active.
Frequency of contraction property of region.
Strength of contraction regulated by nervous and hormonal input.

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10
Q

What are generalised motility patterns?

A

fasting and feeding

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11
Q

What is the fating motility pattern?

A

Migrating Motor Complex: `
4 hours after a mal
Repeats every 2 hour until eat again.
Housekeeping.

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12
Q

Functions of the Feeding motility pattern?

A

Storage
Propulsion
Mixing

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13
Q

Where does storage occur?

A

Fundus and body of stomach and colon

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14
Q

Where and how does propulsion happen?

A

Esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine.

By peristalsis

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15
Q

Where does mixing occur?

A

Stomach - retropulsion

Small and Large intestine - segmentation

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16
Q

Purpose of chewing?

A

Reduce size of food
allows ingestion
taste

17
Q

where does mechanical digestion and Mixing occur?

A

Antrum

18
Q

What structure allows controlled delivery to duodenum?

A

Pyloric sphincter.

19
Q

What does the fasting gastric motility state consist of?

A

1 hour of inactivity
50 minutes of uncoordinated activity
10 minutes of coordinated activity

20
Q

Functions of fasting state?

A

Residual secretions

Undigested material

21
Q

Features of peristalsis?

A

Initiated on greater curvature & spreads to antrum
3 contractions per min
First 60 min following meal gentle
60 - 300 min more intense activity

22
Q

Features of storage?

A

Nervous regulation - vagus nerve
Increase in volume with minimal change in pressure
Fundus and body

23
Q

Features of mechanical breakdown?

A

Retropulsion
Combination of peristalsis and closure or the pyloric sphincter
Mechanical breakdown

24
Q

What regulates gastric emptying?

A

Feedback from duodenum

25
Q

How is the rate of gastric emptying determined?

A

Rate matches digestive capacity of intestine

26
Q

What factors affect gastric emptying?

A

Size of meal

composition of meal

27
Q

How do different macronutrients affect gastric emptying?

A

Fats slow gastric emptying because they are more difficult to gest.
fluids faster tha solids.

28
Q

What is the function of small intestine motlity?

A

Mixing with secretions from pancreas, biliary system (liver/gallbladder) and intestine Controlled movement
Exposure of products of digestion to absorptive surfaces

29
Q

What Motility patterns occur in the small intestine ?

A

Between meals - Migrating motor complex
After meal - Segmentation for mixing and exposure to absorptive surfaces
Limited peristalsis (in humans) for movement

30
Q

What is the function of the large intestine colon?

A

Storage of feces

31
Q

What motility patterns occur in the large intestine?

A

Large periods of inactivity
Segmentation
Mass movement

32
Q

What is mass movement>?

A

1-2 time a day following meals
Peristaltic wave
Drives faeces into rectum
initiates defecation

HUBS 192 (37 decks)

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