Lecture 34 Flashcards
What are Gonads?
Organs where gametes (sex cells) are produced.
Testes in males and ovaries in females
What core structures make up the pelvis?
Illium, pubis, ischium + sacrum and coccyx.
What re the differences between the pelvic inlet and outlet?
Inlet is always open whereas outlet is closed by muscles. Inlet is always larger than outlet.
What is the False/greater pelvis?
Superior region, above pelvic inlet that contains the GI tract.
What is the True/lesser pelvis?
Inferior region between inlet and outlet that contains internal reproductive organs.
How does the structure of the pelvis differ.between males and females?
The female pelvis has a broader subpubic angle, oval unlet and straighter coccyx. Whereas male pelvis has a narrower subpubic angle, heart shaped inlet and curved coccyx.
Where is the pelvic floor located?
Closes over the pelvic outlet
What muscles make up the pelvic floor?
Levator ani
Coccygeus
What are the openings in the pelvic floor?
Urethra
Anal canal
Vagina in females
What is the Male perineum?
The region inferior to the pelvic floor between the upper thighs, includes external genitalia and anus.
What are the triangular divisions of the male perineum?
Anterior: Urogenital triangle - includes urethral opening and external genitalia.
Posterior: Anal triangle - Anal canal and fat.
What is the functions of the male reproductive system?
Produce spermatozoa and transport it into the female reproductive tract.
What components make up the male reproductive tract?
Testes
Reproductive tract/duct
accessory organs and glands
What structures are included in the path that sperm travels along?
Testes, epididymis, Ductus deferens, Ejactulatory duct, Urethra.
What structures are included in the scrotum?
Two testes, two epididymis, two spermatic cords ( with part of ductus deferens)
Functions of the testes?
Produce sperm, testosterone and inhibin.
Location/structure of Testes?
Lie in scrotum - outside the body. surrounded by a dense fibrous capsule ( tunica albuginea.)
What are seminiferous tubules?
Located inside lobules of testes, tubules join to form rete testis,
Function of Interstitial endocrine cells?
produce testosterone
Function of Nerve cells?
Produce Inhibin
Function of spermatogenic cells?
produce spermatogonia and spermatozoa at various stages of development.
Where are IE cells, nurse cells and spermatozoa cells located?
In the seminiferous tubules
Structure of epididymis?
Head, body and tail
Where does sperm enter and exit the epididymis?
Enters from seminiferous tubules and exits via ductus deferens.
Location of ductus deferens?
Continues from epididymis, starts in spermatic cord and runs behind the urinary bladder.Dilates to form ampulla.
What forms the ejactulatory ducts?
• Formed by the union of the duct
from the seminal vesicle and the
ampulla. Opens n prostatic urethra
Functions of the male urethra?
urination and ejaculation.
Epithelium of male urethra?
Changes from transitional to columnar to stratified squamous.
What are the regions of the male urethra?
Prostatic
membranous
Penile
Functions of internal sphincter (detrusor muscle)?
Closes bladder ensuring sperm
ejaculated through the urethra
What is retrograde ejactulation?
When sphincter doesn’t close so sperm ends up in bladder.
