Lecture 14

Question 1

What is the role of the Respiratory tract?

Answer 1

Connected organs and structures that function to conduct warm, clean, moist air into close proximity with blood of the circulatory system for gas exchange.

Question 2

What factors are needed for the respiratory system to be effective?

Answer 2

• A surface for gas exchange
• A path for air to flow to reach the gas exchange surface in optimal condition- Ability to draw breath in and out- Able to produce sound and offacation

Question 3

What are the main components of the Respiratory tract?

Answer 3

• URT
• LRT
• Thoracic cavity
• Joints
• Respiratory muscles

Question 4

What is a mucosa?

Answer 4

Epithelia, attached via a basement membrane to the lamina propria.

Question 5

Where is mucosa found?

Answer 5

Most body organs and lined with a mucosa

Question 6

Where is the submucosa layer located?

Answer 6

Below the Mucosa, depending on the region, may contain many glands.

Question 7

How does epithelia relate to function?

Answer 7

Epithelium changes shape along length of tract to reflect function.

Question 8

Where is Respiratory epithelium found?

Answer 8

Most of conducting region

Question 9

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

Answer 9

Where air and food travels

Question 10

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

Answer 10

Site of gas exchange

Question 11

What is olfactory mucosa associated with?

Answer 11

Offacation

Question 12

What is the main function of the Nasal cavity?

Answer 12

Offacation (smell)

Question 13

What is the main function of the Oral cavity?

Answer 13

Passage for air and food

Question 14

Where is the Conducting region and it’s function?

Answer 14

Nose to Bronchioles.

Ensure air is warm, clean and moist

Question 15

Where is the Respiratory region and it’s function?

Answer 15

Alveoli

Site of gas exchange

Question 16

What is Respiratory Epithelium?

Answer 16

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium ( with goblet cells)

Question 17

Where is respiratory epithelium found?

Answer 17

Nasal Cavity, part of pharynx, larynx and trachea and bronchi.

Question 18

What is the roles of the cells in respiratory epithelium?

Answer 18

Goblet cells produce mucus which traps debris and moistens air.
Ciliated cells which provides patterned movement that pushes mucus towards pharynx, and swallowed and digested by stomach acid.

Question 19

What are the main components of the URT?

Answer 19

Nose & Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx

Question 20

Functions of the URT?

Answer 20

Conducting passage

- prepares air for respiratory membrane (gas exchange)

Question 21

What are different parts of the pharynx?

Answer 21

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Question 22

Functions of the nose?

Answer 22

Primary passageway for air

Question 23

Structures of the nose?

Answer 23

Cartilages which are soft, flexible and maintain patent airway.
Nostrils
Vestibule lined with skin which has sebaceous and sweat glands, hair follicles and vibriase.

Question 24

Bones of the nasal complex?

Answer 24

Nasal Septum: anterior is cartilage and posterior is bone.
Ethmoid and sphenoid bones: form roof of cavity.
Palates: can be soft or hard and form floor of cavity.
Conchase: On lateral walls

Question 25

Where conchae (turbulates) located?

Answer 25

Three bony projections:
superior, middle and inferior.
Covered by respiratory epithelium.

Question 26

Function of conchae (turbinates)?

Answer 26

Swirl inspired air causing it to touch mucosa and have more time for warming and humidifying + olfactory detection.

Question 27

What epithelium is found in the Nasal cavity?

Answer 27

Mostly respiratory epithelium + an area of olfactory mucosa which contains olfactory receptors (dendrites)

Question 28

What is a plexus?

Answer 28

A network of very thin walled veins which are able to radiate heat easily.

Question 29

How does temperature affect the blood vessels in the nasal mucosa?

Answer 29

As temperature decreases, the blood vessels dilate more which means more heat transfer will occur.

Question 30

What are sinuses/paranasal sinuses?

Answer 30

(Spaces within the bones of our skull) Paranasal = surrounding the nose

Question 31

Where are paranasal sinuses found?

Answer 31

Within frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid and maxillary bones.

- lined with mucosa and drain into pharynx

Question 32

Functions of paranasal sinuses?

Answer 32

Lighten skull
Increase surface area to clean, warm., moisten air.
Sound resonance
Infected mucous can block drainage which leads to blocked sinuses.

Question 33

Structure of the pharynx?

Answer 33

A muscular funnel shaped tube shared by respiratory and digestive system.
Commonly known as the throat
Contains 3 regions

Question 34

Structure and location of the nasopharynx?

Answer 34

Posterior to nasal cavity, from posterior nares to soft palate

Question 35

Function of nasopharynx?

Answer 35

Air Passageway only.
Auditory tubes drain herre from middle ear.
Pharyngeal tonsils on posterior wall

Question 36

What stops food from entering the nasal cavity?

Answer 36

The soft palate and uvula block the nasopharynx during swallowing to prevent food entering the nasal cavity.

Question 37

Location and structure of Oropharynx?

Answer 37

Posterior to oral cavity, from soft palate t hyoid bone.

Question 38

Function of Oropharynx?

Answer 38

Air and food.

• palatine tonsils
• Lingual tonsils

Question 39

Location and structure of laryngopharynx?

Answer 39

From hyoid bone to opening of larynx/beginning of esophagus. Ends at level where respiratory and digestive tracts diverge

Question 40

Function of Laryngopharynx?

Answer 40

Air and food however, Food has right of way during swallowing