Lecture 19

Question 1

How is oxygen carried in the blood?

Answer 1

Dissolved )2 or bound to hemoglobin

Question 2

What is the binding of oxygen to HB dependent on?

Answer 2

Oxygen pressure

A greater partial pressure = more hemoglobin.

Question 3

Shape of O2 hemoglobin curve?

Answer 3

Sigmoidal

Question 4

What does a shift to the right on the curve indicate?

Answer 4

• Reduced pH Bohr”s affect
• Increased PCO2
  Increased temperature

Question 5

What does a shift to the lft on the curve indicate?

Answer 5

Decreased PCO2
Increased pH
Reduced temperature

Question 6

What is the affect of exercise on the saturation curve

Answer 6

Causes pH to drop and temperature to rise in skeletal muscle

Question 7

How is CO2 transported?

Answer 7

Dissolved in plasma
A Bicarbonate
Combined with proteins such as hemoglobin however it’s affinity to bind to Hb is much lower

Question 8

Why is it important to maintain normal control of breathing?

Answer 8

Maintain n formula levels of O2 and CO2 for metabolic and biochemical stability.

Question 9

What is the central controller?

Answer 9

Pons, medulla and other parts of the brain

Question 10

What is the role of sensors?

Answer 10

send afferent information to the brain

Question 11

Types of receptors>

Answer 11

Chemoreceptors
baroreceptors
Lug stretch receptors
protective reflexes

Question 12

What is the role of effectors>

Answer 12

receive instructions from the brain

Question 13

Example of an efector?

Answer 13

Muscles of respiration

Question 14

Role of peripheral chemoreceptors?

Answer 14

Sends changes in oxygen, hydrogen ion and carbon dioxide

Question 15

What of central chemoreceptors?

Answer 15

Sends changes in hydrogen ion and mainly carbon dioxide

Question 16

What are Baroreceptors?

Answer 16

Blood pressure receptors

Located in carotid body and aortic arch

Question 17

How do baroreceptors reflect respiratory function ?

Answer 17

Arterial BP goes down which reduces flow.

Sensed by baroreceptors. Respiratory minute volume goes up and increases uptake of air

Question 18

How is inflation/deflation related to protective reflexes?

Answer 18

As the lungs inflate or deflate, they send different input from stretch receptrs.The brain sends efferent output preventing them from stretching too far either way.
Also detect inhalation.
Brain sends efferent signal that triggers a sneeze or cough.