Lecture 28 Flashcards
What is the role of the urinary system?
To maintain a balance of water and solutes in the body.
How does the urinary system maintain balance?
By filtering the blood and expelling.
What is urine?
A waste product excreted to maintain balance in the body.
What is urine good for?
Diagnosis of disease.`
what does the urinary stem need to be effective?
Delivery system for blood
Selective filtration system
Filtrate recovery mechanism
System to return, recovered, filtered fluid to the body.
System to remove filtrate from body
Protection
Ability to communicate with relevant parts of the body
Adaptable to meet the body’s changing needs
What are the main components of the urinary system?
2 Kidneys
2 Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
What does the structure of the kidney allow?
Blood to be bought into close proximity with the nephron for filtering.
Blood that has been filtered to leave the kidney.
A pathway for urine to be removed from the kidney, stored then excreted.
Protection
Where are the kidneys located?
Between T12-L3 Vertebrae
11th-12th ribs
Convex side faces laterally
Medial surface has a concave notch called the hilum
Located on posterior
abdominal wall, covered on anterior side by
peritoneum
Surrounded, supported and protected by fa
Gross Structure of the kidney(s)?
Cortex, medulla and Pelvis.
Fibrous capsule.
Structure of inner medulla?
Divided into pyramids, each ending in a papilla.
Structure of outer cortex?
Continuous layer
Renal columns
What do the cortex and medulla have in common?
Multiple functional lobes
Structure of a kidney lobe?
One Medullary pyramid and all the cortex that surrounds it including renal columns. Made Up largely of nephrons
What are nephrons?
Tiny tubes that filter from blood and create urine.
Gross structure of lobe?
Urine drains from each papilla and collects in a calyx (minor or major). CalycesHilum narrows as it exits the hilum to become the ureter. join to form renal pelvis.
How is urine produced?
By filtering blood into the nephron.
Where does filtration occur?
In the cortex of the kidney
Where is the renal artery?
Arises from the abdominal aorta
Where do veins transp[ort the blood to?
Veins return filtered blood
from the cortex to the renal
vein, then to the IVC
Where does the afferent arterioles deliver blood to?
the glomerulus
What is the glomerulus?
The glomerulus is made of glomerular capillaries and
is where filtration occurs
Where does the efferent arteriole carry blood?
The efferent arteriole carries blood from the
glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries
Where do the glomerulus capillaries carry blood?
The peritubular capillaries carry blood to the veins
Describe the pathway of blood into the cortex yo be filtered?
Abdominal aorta renal artery Series of arteries afferent arteriole glomerular capillary
Describe the pathway of blood away from the cortex after being filtered?
Glomerular capillary efferent arteriole peritubular capillaries series of veins àenal vein inferior vena cava
What is the Renal plexux?
a network o
What do sympathetic nerves do?
Sympathetic nerves act to adjust diameter
of renal arterioles and thus regulate blood
flow.
