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HUBS 192 > Lecture 35 > Flashcards

Lecture 35 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the accessory structure os the MRS?

A

Penis and Scrotum

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2
Q

Why does the scrotum house the testis outside the body?

A

To maintain their optimum temperature at 34 degrees away from normal body temperature

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3
Q

What muscles are found in the scrotum?

A

Lined by Dartos muscle and cremaster muscle contracts for heat conservation.

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4
Q

Location of spermatic cords?

A

There are two spermatic cords what run between the abdomen and testis.

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5
Q

What does the spermatic cords contain?

A

Ductus deferens
Blood vessels (testicular arteries and veins)
Nerves
Lymphatics

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6
Q

Functions of the penis?

A

Urination and copulation

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7
Q

General structure of the penis?

A

A cylindrical organ consisting of the root (bulb), body and glans covered by prepuce/foreskin

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8
Q

Erectile tissues of the penis?

A

Two corpora Cavernosa: Main erectile tissue found on the dorsal aspect.
One corpus spongiosum: Contains urethra, forms bulb and glans, found on ventral aspect.

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9
Q

What is semen?

A

Spermatozoa carried to FRT in seminal fluid

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10
Q

What accessory glands mainly produce seminal fluid?

A

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands

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11
Q

What are seminal vesicles?

A

Two glands located posterior to bladder and lateral to ampulla. Role is to produce viscous secretion

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12
Q

What is Viscous secretion?

A

Makes up 60% of semen, it’s alkaline pH protects sperm from acidic environment in vagina and urethra.

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13
Q

Location of prostate gland?

A

Inferior to bladder, wraps around prostatic urethra.

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14
Q

Function of prostate gland?

A 
Produces secretion
• 30% of semen
• Slightly acidic, milky fluid
• Contains PSA: prostate-specific
antigen
• Contributes to sperm activation,
viability and motility
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15
Q

Location of Bulbourethral glands?

A

Two glands located in the

urogenital diaphragm. Open into spongy/penile urethra

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16
Q

Function of Bulbourethral g;and?

A

Contribute 5% of semen
volume. Secretions lubricate and
neutralise acidity in urethra
Bulbourethral prior to ejaculation

17
Q

What are the components of semen?

A
  • ~60% from seminal vesicles
  • ~30% from prostate
  • ~5% from bulbourethral glands
18
Q

What is a vasectomy?

A

Surgical method of sterilisation. Cut the ductus deferens (cut ends tied or
cauterised)

19
Q

What is Gametogenesis?

A
  • Formation of the gametes (sex cells)
  • Spermatogenesis in males
  • Oogenesis in females
  • Under hormonal control
  • Occurs via mitosis and meiosis
  • Cells need to be haploid (23 chromosomes)
20
Q

Brief overview of meiosis?

A

• Meiosis I
–2 haploid cells produced from 1 original diploid cell
• Meiosis II
–Each cell produced from Meiosis I divides to produce
two haploid cells with 23 chromosome cells

21
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

• Formation of the male gamete
• The process by which spermatogonia are transformed
to mature spermatozoa (sperm)
• Occurs continuously from puberty onwards

22
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

A

• Occurs in the seminiferous tubules

23
Q

What is Gonadotropin?

A

hormone that acts on the gonads

24
Q

What is GnRH?

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone produced by the hypothalamus

25
Q

What is LH?

A

• Luteinizing hormone (a gonadotropin) produced by the anterior pituitary

26
Q

What is FSH?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (a gonadotropin) produced by the anterior pituitary

27
Q

What is testosterone?

A

• Type of androgen
• Group of steroid hormones
• Responsible for male characteristics
(maturation of sex organs, spermatogenesis,
secondary sex characteristics, libido)
• Synthetic androgens (steroids) - therapeutic
purposes

28
Q

Describe the negative feedback loop?

A 
• LH stimulates production of
testosterone (interstitial
endocrine [Leydig] cells)
• FSH and testosterone control
spermatogenesis
• FSH stimulates Inhibin
production (nurse [Sertoli]
cells)
29
Q

Negative feedback of Inhibin?

A

• Inhibin suppresses FSH
• Testosterone suppresses LH
& GnRH

HUBS 192 (37 decks)

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