Lecture 1

Question 1

What are the accessory structures of the skin?

Answer 1

Hir, nails, sweat glands, acne

Question 2

What are the main function of skin?

Answer 2

Protection 
Excretion through glands
Thermoregulation
Melanin, Keratin production
Synthesis of Vitamin D3
Storage of lipids & adipocytes 
Detect touch

Question 3

Epithelial Tissue?

Answer 3

Covers exposed surface, lines internal passageways and chambers and forms secretory glands.

Question 4

Connective Tissue?

Answer 4

Fills internal spaces, provides structural support and stores energy.

Question 5

Muscle Tissue?

Answer 5

Contracts to produce movement, includes skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.

Question 6

Nervous Tissue?

Answer 6

Conducts electrical impulses and carries information.

Question 7

What of the four tissue types is skin made up of?

Answer 7

All of them.

Question 8

Describe the function of the epidermis?

Answer 8

Stratified barrier that protects tissues. Mostly Keratinocytes. No circulation (avascular).

Question 9

Describe the function of the Dermis?

Answer 9

Contains protein fibres such as collagen and elastin for strength. Vascular (nourishes epidermis) The dermis does not shed, it is broken down into waste products which enter the blood then are excreted.

Question 10

Describe the function of the Hypodermis?

Answer 10

insulation and energy storage hence why it is made up of adipose tissue

Question 11

What layers are Cutaneous?

Answer 11

Epidermis and Dermis.``

Question 12

What Layer is Subcutaneous?

Answer 12

Hypodermis.

Question 13

Describe the Papillary layer?

Answer 13

A border between the epidermis and dermis, has invaginations for joining which increases surface area allowing for nourishment of epidermis.

Question 14

Describe the Reticular layer?

Answer 14

Mesh like structure that contains collagen, underneath papillary layer.

Question 15

Stratum Corneum?

Answer 15

Horny Layer - Consists of Dead, dried out, hard cells without nuclei.

Question 16

Stratum Lucidum?

Answer 16

Only found in thick skin ie, palms and heels. It is the extra layer which adds rigidity.

Question 17

Stratum Granulosum?

Answer 17

Granular Layer - Contains granules that promote dehydration of cells snd crosslinking of keratin fibres. Waxy material is secreted into the intercellular spaces.

Question 18

Stratum Spinosum?

Answer 18

Spiny Layer - Intercellular bridges called desmosomes link cells together.The cells become increasingly flattened as they move upward.

Question 19

Stratum Basale (basal layer)

Answer 19

Columnar regenerative cells. As the basal cell divides, a daughter cell migrates upwards to replenish the layer above. Basal cells divide outwards so they can differentiate and replenish outwards.

Question 20

What is strip-taping?

Answer 20

Stratum corneum can be completely removed.

Question 21

What tissue and cell types make up most of the ep[idermis?

Answer 21

Epithelial tissue and squamous stratified epithelial cells (flat).

Question 22

What happens to the skin as we age?

Answer 22

Epidermis/dermis thins
Less collagen & Elastin
Skin repair is slower
Becomes dryer
Less sweat gland - impaired cooling
Less pigmentation - greys.