Lecture 32 RH

Question 1

What bone forms the supraorbital margin?

Answer 1

Supraorbital margin is formed by the frontal bone.

Question 2

What is the function of the supraorbital notch?

Answer 2

Passage of blood vessels and nerves to the forehead

Question 3

What bones form the infraorbital margin?

Answer 3

Infraorbital margin is formed by the zygomatic bone laterally and maxilla medially

Question 4

What bones form the orbit?

Answer 4

Roof: Frontal bone and lesser wing of sphenoid

Floor: Maxilla, zygomatic, and palatine

Lateral wall: Zygomatic, greater wing of the sphenoid

Medial wall Maxilla, lacrimal bone, ethmoid (papyrus region), body of sphenoid

Question 5

What are the fissures and foramina found in the posterior eye?

Answer 5

Optic canal

Superior orbital fissure

Inferior orbital fissure

Question 6

What nerves go through the optic canal?

Answer 6

Optic nerve + opthalmic artery

Question 7

What goes through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 7

opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.

Question 8

Which holes in the orbit are most relevant for the eye?

Answer 8

Superior orbital fissure

Optic canal

Question 9

What is the outer layer of the eye called?

Answer 9

Outer coat is formed by the cornea and the sclera (strength)

Question 10

What is the middle layer of the eye called?

Answer 10

Uvea (important for nutrition) (includes coroid, ciliary body, and the iris)

Question 11

What is the inner layer of the eye called?

Answer 11

Retina

Question 12

What is the sclera?

Answer 12

forms 5/6 of the eyeball

Made up of collagen and layed down in a series of whirls to maintain the shape of the globe offering resistence to internal and external forces.

Question 13

What is the cornea?

Answer 13

It is a continuous transparent structure.

Question 14

What is the cornea made up of?

Answer 14

Corneal epithelium

Question 15

What is corneal stroma made up of?

Answer 15

Corneal stroma is made up of collagen

Question 16

What is the function of corneal endothelial cells?

Answer 16

Endothelial cells control thickness and water balance of the cornea.

Question 17

Why is maintaining endothelial cell number important?

Answer 17

Endothelial cell number is determined at birth.

Question 18

Why is the cornea transparent and not the sclera despite both being made of collagen?

Answer 18

The way the collagen is arranged. In the cornea they are more organized and arranged in an evenly spaced way.

Question 19

What would happen if eye is poked and the epithelium is damaged?

Answer 19

Epithelium can repair itself so he would recover completely soon after.

Question 20

Where is the anterior chamber and angle located?

Answer 20

Anterior chamber and angle is the region just behind the cornea between the cornea and the iris

Question 21

What happens at the anterior chamber and angle?

Answer 21

Aqueous humour drains out of the eye.

Question 22

Why is it important to drain the aqueous humour of the eye?

Answer 22

Fluid formed in the eye continuously and so the fluid of the eye is removed via the anterior chamber and angle

Question 23

What are the functions of the ciliary body?

Answer 23

Forms the aqueous humour

Important region to tehter the lens to the wall of the eyeball

It is important for accomodation (ciliary muscle)

Question 24

What is the function of the aqueous humour produced by the ciliary body?

Answer 24

It is important for maintaining health of the lens.

Creates intraocular pressure

Passes through the pupil and drains via anterior achamber and angle

Question 25

What is accomodation and how is it carried out?

Answer 25

Accomodation is the ability to adapt the eyes to looking at something close or far depending on what is required and this is done by ciliary muscle.

Question 26

What does contraction of the ciliary muscle do?

Answer 26

Ciliary muscle contraction means you read. (focusing on something close)

Question 27

What is the iris?

Answer 27

Iris is the colour part of the eye.

Question 28

What muscles control the iris?

Answer 28

Sphincter pupillae: Constricts pupil: Innervated by Parasympathetic NS.

Dilator pupillae: Dilates pupil: Innervated by sympathetic nervous system