Lecture 3 RH Flashcards
Where is the pectoralis minor muscle located?
pectoralis minor is deep to pec major and attaches to coracoid process and inserts onto the 3rd to 5th ribs
What is the function of the serratus anterior?
ribs 1 - 8 and attaches to medial border of the scapula and protracts it for extra reach.
How do superficial muscles influence the thoracic cavity?
Superficial muscles can add a pull onto the thoracic cage allowing it to expand.
What does seratus posterior do?
Serratus posterior have different groups of muscles with different attachments.
superior part attaches to spinous processes of C7 - T3 from the angle of the ribs 2 - 5 and act to elevate ribs.
Inferior part attaches to spinous processes of T11 - L2 from the angle of ribs 9 - 12. This part acts to depress the ribs.
How is smooth muscle arranged in the lungs?
Cartilaginous disk of bronchi is U-shaped and contains smooth muscle posteriorly. This muscle is called trachealis.
At what point do the main bronchi bifurcate?
T4/5
What is the plane of louie?
The point at which the manubrium meets the sternum. This occurs at the same point that the main bronchi bifurcate. (T4/5)
What are the main differences between the main bronchi?
The right main bronchus is shorter wider and more vertical than the left main bronchus.
What is the clinical significance of the arrangement of the main bronchi?
Obstruction tends to occur at the right main bronchus rather than the left.
How many lobar bronchi do people have?
3 lobar bronchi in the right lung.
2 lobar bronchi in the left lung.
Why are lobar bronchi called lobar bronchi?
Each one enters into a separate lobe.
Where do the main bronchi divide into lobar bronchi?
right main bronchus divides into lobar bronchi before reaching the hilum of the lungs.
Left main bronchus enters the hilum before bifurcating.
What is the stage of branching after the lobar bronchi?
segmental bronchi 9-10 segments approx.
What are bronchioles?
at a point the lungs lose cartilaginous support and at this point the airways change names from bronchi to bronchioles. Bronchioles connect to alveoli directly.
What happens during asthma?
athma is caused by spasm of smooth muscle in airways due to lack of cartilaginous support in the bronchioles. This is triggered by many factors.
Where is the cardiac notch located?
The cardiac notch is present on the left lung.