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Anatomy: Viscera and Visceral Systems > Lecture 20 RH > Flashcards

Lecture 20 RH Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the ovaries initially develop?

A

Ovaries develop from non-differentiated gonads on posterior wall between abdomen and the pelvis and descend with the assistance of the gubernaculum

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2
Q

What is the post developmental structure that forms from the gubernaculum?

A

Round ligament of the uterus and ligament of ovary to the labia majora.

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3
Q

What is an imperfect descent in relation to the ovary?

A

Ovary may reside higher up in the abdominal cavity or too low into the inguinal canal or the labia majora. This is known as an imperfect descent of the ovary.

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4
Q

What is the function of the ovaries?

A

Has both exocrine and endocrine roles (oestrogen and progesterone +relaxin)

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5
Q

What is the function of relaxin?

A

relaxation of pelvic ligaments so that baby can pass through birth canal.

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6
Q

Why is the result of diseases relating to the ovary and where is the pain referred to?

A

Inflammation or cancer of the ovary would cause impingement of obdurator nerve and this causes referred pain to the medial thigh

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7
Q

Where exactly are the ovaries located?

A

ovaries lie approximately on the posterior pelvic wall at the horizontal plane. It can be palpated at that position.

*between pubic symphysis and coccyx is the horizontal plane.

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8
Q

How are the ovaries held in place?

A

ovaries are held by peritoneal folds that form the broad ligament

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9
Q

What structure within the broad ligament provides the support of the pelvic viscera?

A

broad ligament support is provided by the blood vessels contained within it.

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10
Q

How are the ovaries attached to the broad ligament?

A

Broad sheet above the pelvic viscera is the broad ligament. This ligament is attached to ovaries via the mesovarium.

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11
Q

What is the function of the the suspensory ligament?

A

suspensory ligament contains the blood vessels to the ovaries and it provides support to the ovaries as well..

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12
Q

Where does the ovary typically prolapse into and why does this happen?

A

ovary may prolapse into rectouterine pouch (posterior fornix) due to the laxity of the support.

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13
Q

What are the main parts of the uterine tubes?

A

Intramural part

Isthmus

ampulla

infundibulum

Fimbria

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14
Q

What is the intramural part of the uterine tubes?

A

The most medial part of the uterine tube found at the wall of the uterus at the uterine OS (opening) and is very narrow.

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15
Q

What does the isthmus look like?

A

Isthmus is the straightest part of the uterine tube

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16
Q

What is the ampulla?

A

Widest and longest part of the uterine tube and is the part of the uterine tube where the sperm meets the egg

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17
Q

What is the infundibulum?

A

infundibulum is the first portion of the uterine tube and conveys the egg into the ampulla.

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18
Q

How does the egg move through the uterine tubes?

A

ciliary action and peristalsis

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19
Q

Why is it that infection of the vagina can spread into the peritoneum?

A

Uterine tubes open into the peritoneal cavity and the opening is known as the abdominal os. Infection can travel from the vagina into the peritoneum via this pathway.

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20
Q

What is the function of the fimbriae?

A

They waft the ovary into the uterine tube (infundibulum). It also holds the ovary to the uterine tube.

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21
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

ectopic pregnancy occurs when ova are released into the peritoneal cavity and implantation typically occurs in the ampulla resulting in rupture of the walls and is typically life threatening.

22
Q

What are the sections of the uterus?

A

Fundus

body

cervix

23
Q

Where do the uterine tubes meet the uterus?

A

uterine tubes connect with uterus at the point where the fundus meets the uterine body.

24
Q

At what level is the uterus up to during pregnancy?

A

endometrial lining gets thicker and wall of the uterus.

Pregnant uterus rises above pelvic lining into the abdomen.

at about 3 months it reaches the suprapubic level.

At about 6 months it is at the iliac crest

At 8 months it is at the xiphisternum

25
Q

What are the parts of the cervix?

A

Supra vaginal part

Vaginal part

26
Q

What is the normal positioning of the uterus?

A

posterior to the bladder and anteflexed above the bladder.

27
Q

What causes variations in position of the uterus and ovaries relative to the vagina?

A

laxity in the mesovarium and the broad ligament

28
Q

What are the supports that hold the uterus in place?

A

Cervix (uterus is best supported at the cervix.)

The levator ani

The broad ligament

lateral transverse cervical ligament

Uterosacral ligament

Pubocervical ligament

29
Q

What is the result of laxity in uterine supports?

A

Laxity can result in prolapse.

30
Q

Do males have peritoneum

A

Male also has peritoneum covering bladder and anterior part of the rectum.

31
Q

What are the pouches formed by the peritoneal folds over the pelvic viscera?

A

rectouterine pouch (ovary can prolapse into this pouch)

uterovesical pouch

32
Q

What blood vessels supply the ovary and the uterus?

A

Ovary gets its blood supply from ovarian vessels and uterus from uterine and vaginal arteries.

33
Q

What are the parts of the vagina?

A

Upper part above pelvic floor and a lower part below pelvic floor within the perineum.

34
Q

How is the vagina held in position?

A

Vagina is held in position by elements of the floor of the pelvis and the componenets that come from the pelvic floor. This includes a muscles called the pubovaginalis and the urethrovaginal sphincter.

35
Q

What are the sphincters of the vagina?

A

pubovaginalis which arises from pubococcygeus.

urethrovaginal sphincter found within the perineum

bulbospongiosus found within the perineum

36
Q

How is the penis attached to pelvic viscera?

A

Penis attaches to perineal structures even though the urethra passes from the pelvic cavity to the exterior.

37
Q

What structures encapsulate the testis?

A

Testis is encapsulated by fibrous connective tissue:

White inner coat is the tunica albuginea and the serous membrane is the tunica vaginalis. These structures form a closed peritoneal sac with visceral and parietal layers.

38
Q

How do the testis descend from the posterior abdominal wall during development?

A

Gubernaculum guides the testis into the scrotal sac. Left is often lower than the right due to the length of the blood vessels to the testis.

39
Q

What condition causes undescended testis?

A

Often the testis do not descend all the way into the scrotum and this causes a condition called cryptorchidism

40
Q

What structures form the scrotum and the spermatic cord’s covering?

A

skin and outer layer of the external oblique form the scrotum and the other layers create the coverings of the spermatic cord.

41
Q

What structure does the vas deferans continue into?

A

Vas deferans widens behind the bladder and meets the seminal vesicle and forms the ejaculatory duct.

42
Q

How does sperm pass into the urethra?

A

sperm passing via the vas deferans pass into urethra through prostatic urethra.

43
Q

Where does the ejaculatory duct meet the prostatic urethra?

A

Seminal colliculus

44
Q

Where does semen enter the prostatic urethra?

A

prostatic sinuses

45
Q

Where are the secretions of the bulbourethral glands located?

A

after the prostatic urethra

46
Q

Where is the neurovascular supply for the prostate located?

A

prostate contains a capsule with venous and nerve plexuses around the prostate.

47
Q

What are the lobes of the prostate?

A

median and lateral lobe

48
Q

Which lobe of the prostate enlarges during aging?

A

Median lobe enlarges during aging

49
Q

Where is the retrovesical septum located?

A

rectovesical septum is located behind prostate and ahead of the rectum.

50
Q

What is the function of the retrovesical septum?

A

rectovesical septum acts as a barrier to cancer and infection (doesn’t entirely prevent movement but does protect.)

Anatomy: Viscera and Visceral Systems (61 decks)

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