Lecture 13 DA

Question 1

How are viscera formed?

Answer 1

They are formed from an invaginaltion of the coelum, inward to the cavity.

Question 2

Where is pain of the parietal perotineum referred to and why?

Answer 2

Parietal perotineum use the neurovascular supply of the abdominal wall, and so pain is referred to the dermatomes overlying it.

Question 3

Where are visceral perotineum pain referred to?

Answer 3

To the midline dermatomes.

Question 4

How do unpaired viscera develop?

Answer 4

They develop within the perotineum (kid bags my spelling…) and have a perotineal (double fail) covering.

Question 5

What organs are in the foregut? What are they supplied by?

Answer 5

Abdominal oesophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, billiary tract, liver, pancreas, and spleen.
They are supplied by the coeliac trunk.

Question 6

What organs are in the midgut? What are they supplied by?

Answer 6

Distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon until the transverse.
They are supplied by the superior mesentery vessels.

Question 7

What organs are found in the hindgut? What are they supplied by?

Answer 7

Descending colon, sigmoidal colon, rectum and upper anal canal.
They are supplied by the inferior mesentery vessels.

Question 8

What happen to laterally placed paired viscera?

Answer 8

They develop without a perotineum, including kidneys, suprarenal glands, ureters, testes and deferent ducts. They are primarlity retroperotineal.

Question 9

What is meant by primarily retroperotineal?

Answer 9

They have no blood supply from the perotineum.

Question 10

What happens to the liver, stomach and spleen during development?

Answer 10

Initially, they are all aligned antero-posteriorly. However, when the space within the cavity is superceded by growth, the liver travels to the right, the stomach spinds clockwise, and the spleen travels to the left.

Question 11

What is the spleenorenal ligament?

Answer 11

The left kidney has a peritoneum anteriorly connecting to the spleen, forming the splenorenal ligament.

Question 12

What is a consequence of the internal rotation of the superior mesentery artery?

Answer 12

It forms the C-shaped junction due to its movements.

Question 13

What is meant by secondarily retroperotineal? What structures are they?

Answer 13

Viscera that are pushed against the wall, and their mesenteries fuse. It includes the ascending/descending colon, C-shaped duodenum, and the pancreas, except its tail.

Question 14

Is the sigmoid colon retro or intraperotineal?

Answer 14

It is intraperotineal.

Question 15

Is the C-shaped duodenum fixed or mobile?

Answer 15

Fixed.

Question 16

What is fusion fascia?

Answer 16

Connective tissue between anterior mesentery and a retroperotineal viscera. Blood vessels are found here.

Question 17

Where are the paracolic gutters found?

Answer 17

Medial and lateral to the ascending/descending colon.

Question 18

Name the mesenteries of the intraperotineal viscera.

Answer 18

• Abdominal oesophagus, stomach, duodenal cap, liver, billiary tract, gall bladder, spleen and pancreas tail.
  Mesoappendix - jejunum, ileum, caecum and appendix.
  Transverse mesocolon - transervse colon.
  Sigmoid mesocolon - sigmoid colon.

Question 19

Describe the greater omentum.

Answer 19

It comes off the greater curvature of the stomach, hangs down, folds back up posteriorly and attaches to the underside of the transverse colon.

Question 20

What is the omental bursa?

Answer 20

The reccess found within the greater omentum. It is filled with fat and serous fluid.

Question 21

What immune function does the greater omentum have?

Answer 21

When an abdominal infection is present, it will wrap around the site and release immune agents.

Question 22

Where is the root of the mesentery?

Answer 22

Found at the transverse colon, at the inferior end of the pancreas.

Question 23

What is the mesoappendix?

Answer 23

It is the mesentery of the appendix, and takes the appendicular artery with it, ehich is a branch of the superior mesentery artery.

Question 24

What is a perotineal ligament?

Answer 24

Connects viscera to viscera.

Question 25

Where is the hepatogastric ligament found?

Answer 25

Within the lesser omentum.

Question 26

Which perotineal ligament is found at the portal triad?

Answer 26

Hepatoduodenal ligament. It is also in the lesser omentum.

Question 27

Which ligament is found in the greater omentum?

Answer 27

Gastrocolic ligament.

Question 28

How many perotineal ligaments are found in the lesser omentum?

Answer 28

Two. Hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal.

Question 29

How can you enter the omental bursa?

Answer 29

Through the hepatoduodenal ligament.

Question 30

What does the gastrophrenic ligament connect?

Answer 30

Stomach to the diaphragm. Found on the greater curvature, around the fundus area.

Question 31

What does the gastrolineal ligament connect?

Answer 31

Stomach to spleen. Greater curvature.

Question 32

What does the gastrocolic ligament connect?

Answer 32

Stomach to colon. Found in the greater omentum.

Question 33

How can you enter the lesser sac from the grater sac?

Answer 33

Inferior to the liver, around near the lesser omentum is the epiploic foramen. Greater sac is found on the outside, while the lesser sac is the contents of the greater omentum and what lies posterior to the lesser omentum.

Question 34

What connects the spleen and kidney?

Answer 34

Splenorenal ligament.

Question 35

What forms the blind pouch within the lesser sac, and what is it?

Answer 35

It is a blind ending pouch formed by the splenorenal and gastrophrenic ligaments. It can be palpated by inserting into the epiploic foramen. Further passage is blocked by these ligaments.