Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy: Viscera and Visceral Systems > Lecture 26 RH > Flashcards

Lecture 26 RH Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones does the skull have?

A

22 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are joints between skull bones called? Are they mobile?

A

Sutures, they are immobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 major parts of the skull?

A

Cranium: covers the brain.

Facial bones

Mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is contained within the cranial cavity?

A

Cranial cavity contains brain, meninges, cranial nerves, arteries, veins, venous sinuses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the roof of the cranium called?

A

Roof of cranium is called the cranial vault.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the floor of the cranium called?

A

Floor of cranium is called the cranial base.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the names of the cranial bones?

A

Bones are named after the lobes of the brain.

Parietal x2

Occipital x1

Temporal x2

Sphenoid x1

Ethomoid x1

Frontal x2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the maxilla bone? How many are there?

A

Maxilla are the upper jaw bones. There are 2 of them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the zygomatic bones? How many does the skull contain?

A

zygomatic bones are on the lateral aspects of the eye socket they are colloquially known as cheek bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the facial bones called?

A

maxilla x2

Nasal bones x2

Lacrimal bones x2

Vomer x1

Palatine bones x2

Inferior Conchae x2

Mandible x1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the mandible?

A

Mandible is the lower jaw bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are lacrimal bones found? How many of them are there?

A

Lacrimal bones are found within the orbit. 2 of these bones exist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What suture is found between the parietal bones?

A

The 2 parietal bones are joined by the sagittal suture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What suture combines the 2 parietal bones with the frontal bone?

A

2 parietal bones joing with frontal bone via coronal suture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are the parietal bones joined to the occipital bone?

A

2 parietal bones are joined with occipital bone by the lambdoidal suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the levels of the floor of the cranium? How are these levels arranged?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

Middle cranial fossa

Posterior cranial fossa

These levels are arranged like a staircase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the bones that make up the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal bone

Floor of the anterior cranal fossa contains the orbital plates of frontal bone and cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone.

posterior part of the anterior cranial fossa is dominated by the sphenoid bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the anterior cranial fossa end?

A

Sphenoid bone looks like a butterfly with wings. Anterior cranal fossa ends at the lesser wing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the plates that cover the orbit of the eye called?

A

Plates that covers the orbit of the eyes are the orbital plates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the holes in the ethmoid bone?

A

ethmoid contains holes through which nerves of cranial cavity pass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the bones that make up the middle cranial fossa?

A

Anteriorly: Lesser wing of the sphenoid

Posteriorly: Petrous portion of the temporal bone

Laterally: Temporal bone, greater wing of the sphenoid bone, parietal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is there a gap between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone?

A

gap between lesser and greater wing of the sphenoid is important for passage of blood vessels and nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the middle part of the sphenoid bone?

A

Middle part of the sphenoid is the location of important brain structures (eg pituitary gland) it is also called “the turkish saddle”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the bones that make up the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Anteriorly: petrous portion of the temporal bone

Floor: Basilar, condylar, and squamous portions of the occipital bone, mastoid process of the temporal bone.

Posteriorly the occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the structures contained within the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Cerebellum

pons

medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 paired nerves and they are all connected to the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the general function of the cranial nerves?

A

Supply somatic and visceral motor and sensory information to the head.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the function of cranial nerves IX and X?

A

visceral sensory and motor innervation to the neck, chest and abdomen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How are cranial nerves arranged and named?

A

Cranial nerves are arranged in pairs and are named from 1 to 12 according to their target organ. 1 is rostral and 12 is very caudal.

30
Q

Where do cranial nerves come from?

A

Most cranial nerves originate from the brainstem.

1 and 2 originate from within the rest of the brain.

31
Q

What is the function of the brain stem?

A

Brain stem is important for survival but also contains nuclei for cranial nerves 3 - 12.

32
Q

Cranial nerve 1:

A

olfactory

33
Q

Cranial nerve 2:

A

optic

34
Q

Cranial nerve 3:

A

oculomotor

35
Q

Cranial nerve 4:

A

Trochlear

36
Q

Cranial nerve 5:

A

Trigeminal

37
Q

Cranial nerve 6:

A

Abducent

38
Q

Cranial nerve 7:

A

Facial

39
Q

Cranial nerve 8:

A

Vestibulocochlear

40
Q

Cranial nerve 9:

A

Glossopharyngeal

41
Q

Cranial nerve 10:

A

Vagus

42
Q

Cranial nerve 11:

A

Accessory

43
Q

Cranial nerve 12:

A

Hypoglossal

44
Q

What is the principle regarding cranial nerves and ipsilateral structures?

A

most cranial nerves are associated with an ipsilateral structure.

45
Q

Which cranial nerves are purely sensory?

A

CN1 (olfactory), CN2 (optic), CN8 (vestibulocochlear)

46
Q

Which cranial nerves are purely motor?

A

CN3 (oculomotor), CN4 (trochlear), CN6 (abducent), CN11 (accessory)

47
Q

Which cranial nerves are mixed sensory and motor? Why are they mixed?

A

CN5 (trigeminal), CN7 (facial), CN9 (glossopharyngeal), CN10 (vagus)

They are mixed because they have multiple functions due to each cranial nerve having many functional groups of fibers.

48
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve exit the skull and what does it do?

A

Olfactory nerve exits through the cribiform plate and is responsible for smelling things.

49
Q

Where does the optic nerve exit the skull and what does it do?

A

It is responsible for vision and exits the skull from the optic canal.

50
Q

Does the innervation of the eye come from one optic nerve?

A

No, each eye gets innervation from both cranial nerves of the pair (CN2) equally

51
Q

How many extraocular muscles are there?

A

6; 4 rectus and 2 oblique

52
Q

What are the types of rectus extraocular muscles?

A

superior rectus

medial rectus

lateral rectus

inferior rectus

53
Q

What are the types of oblique extraocular muscles?

A

superior oblique

inferior oblique

54
Q

What cranial nerves innervate the extraoccular muscles?

A

cranial nerve 3 (oculomotor): it innervates 4 of the muscles.

Cranial nerve 4 (trochlear)

Cranial nerve 6 (abducent)

55
Q

Where do cranial nerves 3 (oculomotor), 4(trochlear), and 6 (abducent) exit the skull to go to the eyes?

A

superior orbital fissure between greater and lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.

56
Q

How does the optic nerve go from the brain to the eye?

A

optic nerve goes through the optic canal

57
Q

What does CN5 (trigeminal) do?

A

Important for sensation in the anterior face and is important for mastication.

*Behind the ear is controlled by a spinal nerve.

58
Q

Where does CN5 (trigeminal nerve) exit the skull?

A

V1 exits from the superior orbital fissure.

V2 exits from foramen rotundum

V3 exits from foramen ovale.

59
Q

What does the facial nerve (CN7) do?

A

It controls muscles of facial expression.

It is important for control of viscera in some parts of the head such as the lacrimal gland and the sublingual gland.

It provides taste sensation to anterior 2/3rds of the face

It provides somatic sensory innervation

60
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

61
Q

What are the terminal branches of the facial nerve?

A

Temporal branch for the forehead.

Zygomatic

Buccal

Cervical

Marginal mandibular

62
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN8)?

A

Hearing and balance

63
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit the skull?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

64
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Important for sensory innervation of the tongue (posterior 1/3), pharynx, middle ear, and carotid body.

Visceral motor: parasympathetic autonomic innervation to parotid.

Motor to the stylopharyngeus

65
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9) exit the skull?

A

Via the jugular foramen

66
Q

What does the Vagus nerve (CN10) do?

A

It is the most important autonomic nerve.

It is motor to muscles of soft palate, pharynx, larynx, upper oesophagus, and 1 tongue muscle.

It has functions for taste and general baroreceptors

67
Q

Where does the vagus nerve exit the skull?

A

Jugular foramen

68
Q

What is the function of the spinal accessory nerve?

A

Shrugs shoulders and turns head. (innervates sternomastoid and upper trapezius)

69
Q

Where does the spinal accessory nerve exit the skull?

A

Upper 5 - 6 of cervical spinal cord. Nerve enters cranium via foramen magnum then travels with X roots and exits jugular foramen.

70
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve (CN12)?

A

It innervates all tongue muscles but 1.

71
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull?

A

hypoglossal foramen.

Anatomy: Viscera and Visceral Systems (61 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions