Lecture 10 RH Flashcards
What is the clinical implications of the testicular lymph drainage?
lymph drains into intrabdominal nodes this means tumor metastasis can be to the abdomen via these nodes.
How do the testes maintain their desired temperature in cold weather?
testes retract in cold weather due to the effect of the premasteric muscle fibers (its fucking CREmasteric YOU DIMWIT)
What are the layers of the spermatic cord?
spermatic cord contains:
internal spermatic fascia (from fascia transversalis)
Premasteric fascia (from the arching fibers of TA and IO.
External spermatic fascia (from the External Oblique muscles)
Where are premasteric muscle fibers derived from?
Only the arching fibers (FIBRES FFS) of internal oblique.
What surrounds the vessels and ducts of the testes within the spermatic cord?
Spermatic cord is surrounded by internal fascia layer, premasteric muscle layer, and external premasteric muscle layer.
What is an abdominal hernia?
Abdominal hernia is a protrusion of abdominal contents through the wall of the abdominal wall. The typical cause of this is an increase in intrabdominal pressure.
What is an inguinal hernia?
2 types; direct and indirect.
Indirect hernia protrudes through the inguinal canal. This is often due to a congenital abnormality.
Direct hernia is a protrusion into the inguinal canal through an area of weakness in its posterior wall. (wall bulges forwards through the walls of the inguinal canal)
What is the congenital abnormality that causes indirect inguinal hernias to develop?
A hole formed by the descent of the testes through the parietal peritoneum (known as the processus vaginalis) normally closes up and the pouch is fused.
Sometimes the pouch doesn’t obliterate this causes the hernia to develop.
What is the common area of weakness of the abdominal wall which typically protrudes into the inguinal canal in the form of a direct inguinal hernia?
typically the medial part of the wall. (known as the inguinal hesselbach triangle)
What muscles constitute the posterior abdominal wall?
Psoas Major overlyed (overlaid you pillock) by psoas minor (2/3rds of cases).
Quadratus lumborum
Iliacus
What sheaths the posterior abdominal wall and what is its significance?
The thoracolumbar fascia which also gives rise to the anterior abdominal wall muscles.
Where does psoas major originate from? Where does it pass through and where does it insert?
overlies lumbar transverse processes.
1 continuous origin from lumbar vertebral bodies from lower T12 - upper L5 and to the disks.
It inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur after passing through the inguinal ligament.
Where are the origin and insertion of psoas minor?
T12 - L1 origin.
Tendon blends with fascia overlying psoas major.
Where is the quadratus lumborum located and what does it attach to?
between the bottom of the 12th rib and the posterior half of the iliac crest and attaches to each transverse process that it passes through.
Where does iliacus originate?
Deep aspect of the ilium has a smooth surface called the iliac fossa. This is the origin of iliacus. Fibers form a conjoint tendon with psoas major and this muscle passes under the inguinal ligament.
