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Anatomy 2 > Lecture 3: Equine Pelvic Limb (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Equine Pelvic Limb (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference btw/ the thoracic limb & the pelvic limb

A

The pelvic limb has a true bony connection to the trunk

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2
Q

How does the pelvis articulate w/ the trunk & the pelvic limb

A
  • Pelvis to the trunk: sacroiliac joint
  • Pelvis to the pelvic limb: coxal joint
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3
Q

What joins the left & right os coxae art the ventral midline

A

Pelvic symphysis

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4
Q

What are the three bones of the os coxae (plus the 4th developmentally)

A
  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubis
  • Acetabular bone(developmentally)
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5
Q

What is the croup

A

Region btw/ the hip bone & tail dock

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6
Q

What is the point of the hip

A

Tuber coxae

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7
Q

What is the point of the buttock

A

Ischiatic tuberosity

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8
Q

Label the following:

A
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9
Q

Label the blue, red, & green areas

A
  • Red: Tuber sacrale (sacral tuber)
  • Blue: Tuber coxae (coxal tuber)
  • Green: Tuber ischii (Ischial tuber or ischiatic tuberosity)
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10
Q

Which pelvis belongs to a canine and which belongs to equine

A
  • A: Dog
  • D: Equine
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11
Q

What parts of the pelvis are palpable

A
  • Tuber sacrale
  • Tuber coxae
  • Tube ischii
  • Greater trochanter
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12
Q

Label 1 - 4

A
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13
Q

Where is the greater trochanter

A

2/3 of the distance btw/ the tuber coxae & the tuber ischii

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14
Q

What is the slope of the pelvis used for & what can happen if its to steep or flat

A
  • Used for conformation
  • Sign of lameness
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15
Q

Label the following:

A
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16
Q

Whats the difference btw the canine sacrotuberous ligament & equine

A

In canines the sacrotuberous ligament is cord like while in equine it is very broad and considered the sacrosciatic ligament

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17
Q

What are the attachments of the sacrosciatic ligament

A
  • Ischiatic spine
  • Transverse process of the sacrum
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18
Q

What foramina are associated with the sacrostatic ligament

A

Greater & lesser sciatic foramina

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19
Q

What is a difference btw/ the greater & lesser sciatic foramina

A

The greater has vessels & nerves running through/around it while the lesser sciatic only

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20
Q

What is the ventral border (pecten pubis or pubic brim”

A

The cranial most rim of the pelvis located btw/ the dorsal pubic tubercle & the iliopubic eminence

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21
Q

What is the lateral border (arcuate line)

A

The ridge extending btw/ the iliopubic eminence & the auriculat surface of the ilium

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22
Q

Where is the tuberosity for the insertion of the psoas minor muscle found

A

Midway along the lateral border of the pelvic inlet

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23
Q

What does the dorsal border consist of

A
  • Sacral promontory
  • Wing of the sacrum
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24
Q

Label the blue, green, & yellow line

A
  • Yellow: ventral border
  • Green: Lateral border
  • Blue: Dorsal border
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25
Q

Label the following:

A
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26
Q

What are the bones of the pelvic limb in Equine

A
  • Femur
  • Patella
  • Tibia/Fibula
  • Tarsal bones
  • Metatarsal bones
  • Proximal sesamoids
  • Phalanges
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27
Q

What is a major structure @ the metatarsal joints

A

Proximal sesamoids

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28
Q

What is the difference btw/ the greater trochanter in canines and Equine

A
  • In equine the greater trochanter is divided into a cranial & caudal part
  • Rember the cranial part sits lower than the caudal part
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29
Q

What is affiliated w/ the cranial part

A

A subtendinous bursa (trochanteric bursa)

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30
Q

Describe the trochanteric bursa

A

A tendon that is deep to the gluteal muscle tendon

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31
Q

What is different about the third trochanter in equine, & why

A
  • It is larger
  • B/c the superficial gluteal m is larger
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32
Q

Describe the trochlea in Equine

A
  • Comprised of a medial & lateral ridge w/ a deep depression (trochlear groove) btw/ them
  • the medial trochlear ridge is larger & has a pronounced tubercle
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33
Q

What is a resting & gliding surface

A
  • Resting: where the patella is sitting while resting (is more proximal)
  • Gliding: where the patella lays when it is moving
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34
Q

Where does the long digital extensor originate from and pass through

A
  • Originates: the extensor fossa of the femur
  • Passes through: Extensor groove of the tibia
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35
Q

What is this

A

Extensor groove of the tibia

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36
Q

Along with the long digital extensor muscle what other muscle originates from the extensor fossa in equine

A

Peroneus (fibularis) tertius

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36
Q

What is this

A

Extensor fossa

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37
Q

What is the origin of the superficial digital flexor muscle

A

The supracondylar fossa

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38
Q

What is this, describe it, and what muscle originates from it

A
  • Lateral supracondylar tuberosity
  • roughened cranial border of the supracondylar fossa
  • Origin of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius m
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39
Q

Is there a medial supracondylar tuberosity

A

Yes it is just not that prominent

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40
Q

What is the difference between the fibula found in equine vs. canine

A
  • In canine the bone is separate from the tibia & elongated
  • In horses the distal extremity of the fibula is reduced & does not extend the full lenght of the crus
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41
Q

What characteristics should you look for to not get the fibula confused w/ the splint bones

A
  • the fibula does not have buttons
  • the dorsal part of the fibula is more flat
42
Q

What is shown on the cranial view & distal view (what does this articulate w/)

A
  • Cranial view: the lateral malleolus of the tibia
  • Distal view: the cochlea which is associated w/ the trochlea
43
Q

What is different in the metatarsal bones of equine

A

metatarsul one & two are fused together

44
Q

Label the following

A
45
Q

What is this process & what inserts here

A
  • Process: calcanean tuber
  • Some tendon (?)
46
Q

Label the following:

A
47
Q

What is the weight-bearing digit in the pelvic limb

A

The 3 digit only

48
Q

Describe the tarsus in equine

A
  • the gused tarsal bones (1 & 2) articulate w/ MT 2 & 3
  • Tarsal bone 3 articulates w/ MT 3
  • Tarsal bone 4 articulates w/ MT 3 & 4
49
Q

Decribe the metatarsus in equine

A

Consist of MT 3 (the cannon bone) & MT 2 & 4 (the medial & lateral splint bones)

50
Q

Describe the digits in equine

A
  • Proximal phalanx (p1 or long pastern)
  • Middle phalanx (p2 or short pastern)
  • Distal phalanx (p3 or coffin)
51
Q

Where are the sesamoid bones located in the equine pes

A
  • A pair is found proximal @ the metatarsophalangeal joint
  • One is found @ the distal interphalangeal jt
52
Q

Label the yellow, green, & purple areas

A
  • yellow: Tarsus
  • Green: Metatarsus
  • Purple: Digit
53
Q

What are the black arrows pointing to?

A

The proximal & distal sesamoid bones

54
Q

Label these palpable landmarks

A
55
Q

What is the sacroiliac joint

A

The articulation btw/ the auricular surface of the wing of the sacrum & the auricular surface of the ilium

56
Q

What happens if there is excessive strain on the sacroiliac joint

A

Can lead to ligament tears & dislocatoion of the SI joint (“Hunter’s Bump”)

57
Q

Name this joint and the articulations that create it

A
  • Black arrow: The coxal joint
  • Yellow area: acetabulum of the os coxa
  • Articulation of the femoral head w/ the acetabulum of the os coxa
58
Q

Describe the acetabulum in equine

A
  • A deep depression that receives the head of the femur to form the coxal joint
  • Coposed of the ilium, ischium, pubis, & acetabular bone (not distinguishable in adults)
59
Q

What is the labrum

A

Fibrocartilage that extends the rim & deepens the acetabulum as the horse ages

60
Q

Label the purple area and the yellow star

A
  • Purple: articular surface of the acetabulum
  • yellow star: acetabular notch
61
Q

What spans the acetabulum notch

A
  • Spans during life by the transverse acetabular lig
62
Q

T/F: the acetabular fossa is a articular surface

A

F it is non-articular

63
Q

What is the attachment site of the ligament of the femoral head

A

the acetabular fossa

64
Q

Describe the two femoral ligaments in equine

A
  • Allows for high level of stability & secures against luxation
  • both ligaments pass deep to the transverse acetabular ligament & insert on the fovea capitis of the head of the femur
65
Q

What is this & why is it so big

A
  • Fovea capitis of the femur
  • To allow the attachment of 2 ligaments
66
Q

Describe the Accessory ligament

A
  • unique to equine
  • Detaches from the prepubic tendon
  • restricts movement & stabilizes the joint b/c of forward pull on the prepubic tendon by the weight of the abdominal viscera
67
Q

What is the location of the coxal joint

A

About 2/3 the distance btw/ the tuber coxae & tuber ischii, slightly cranioventral to the caudal part of the greater trochanter

68
Q

T/F: The stifle joint in equine is similar to the one found in canines

A

True

69
Q

What type of joint is the stifle joint

A

Compound joint

70
Q

List the articulations found in the stifle joint

A
  • Femorotibial articulation
  • Femoropatellar articulation
  • Proximal tibiofibular articulation
71
Q

Bony articular surfaces are (congruent/incongruent) & (stable/unstable), why are they?

A
  • Incongruent
  • Unstable
  • B/c of rounded femoral condyles & flat tibial condyles
72
Q

What is required for congruency & stability

A

Accessory structures

73
Q

Label the following:

A
74
Q

What ligament is not found in equine (or large animals in general)

A

Transverse ligament btw/ the lateral & medial side

75
Q

What is the difference btw/ the equine patellar ligaments & canine

A

There are multiple patellar ligaments in equine

The patellar tendons are the three protruding white ligaments on the top in this pic
76
Q

Label the following

cranial view
A
  • 1 = medial patellar ligaments
  • 2 = Intermediate or middle patellar ligament
  • 3 = lateral patellar ligament
77
Q

What attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity in equine

A

The 3 patellar ligaments

78
Q

What is the blue stars referring to, and why is it important

A
  • Parapatellar fibrocartilage btw/ the medial patellar ligament & patella
  • important for patellar locking mechanism
79
Q

What ligaments form a loop areound the medial trochlear ridge of the femur

A
  • Medial patellar
  • Intermediate patellar
  • patella fibrocartilage
  • parapatellar fibrocartilage
80
Q

Label the following and what do they help do

A
  • A = medial patellar ligament
  • B = Intermediate patellar ligament
  • C = Patella & parapatellar fibrocartilage
  • D = Medial trochlear ridge of the femur
  • aid in the “locking” of the patella on the resting surface of the tubercle of the medial trochlear ridge of the femur
81
Q

What are the two synovial compartments of the femorotibial joint

A
  • medial
  • Lateral
82
Q

Label the blue, green, & pink areas

A
  • Green = medial synovial compartment
  • Lateral synovial compartment
  • Femoropatellar joint
83
Q

T/F: the femoropatellar joint has a smal divided synovial compartment

A

False it has a large undivided synovial compartment

84
Q

Which synovial compartments usually communicate

A

The femoropatellar & medial femorotibial

85
Q

Which synovial compartments sometimes communicate (25%)

A

Femoropatellar & lateral femorotibial compartments

86
Q

Which synovial compartments do not communicate

A

The medial femorotibial & lateral femorotibial

87
Q

Describe the patellar fat pad

A
  • A large fat pad located btw/ the joint capsule of the femoropatellar joint & the patellar ligaments
  • Bulges cranially btw/ the patellar ligaments
88
Q

What can be palpated in the stifle joint

A
  • tibila tuberosity (1)
  • patellar ligaments (2)
  • Patella (3)
  • locate the tibial tuberosity proximocranial to the bulge of crural muscles & work proximally
89
Q

List the tarsal joints

A
  • Tibotarsal (tarsocrural) joint
  • Proximal intertarsal joint
  • Distal intertarsal joint
  • Tarsometatarsal joint
90
Q

Label the following:

A
  • A = tibotarsal (tarsocrural) joint
  • B = Proximal intertarsal jont
  • C = Distal intertarsal joint
  • D = Tarsometatarsal joint
91
Q

Describe the tibotarsal (tarsocrural) joint

A
  • Btw/ the tibia & talus
  • Greatest degree of movement
92
Q

Describe the procimal intertarsal joint

A
  • btw/ the talus, calcaneus, & central & 4th tarsal bones
  • little to no movement
93
Q

Describe the distal intertarsal joint

A
  • Btw/ the central, fused 1st/2nd, & 3rd tarsal bones
  • little to no movement
94
Q

Describe the tarsometatarsal joint

A
  • Btw/ the tarsus & metatarsus
  • little to no movement
95
Q

Tarsal joints have a __________________ ______ fibrous joint capsule w/ the ____ membrane attached around the articular margins of each component joint

A
  • Common outer
  • synovial
96
Q

What tarsal joints communicate freely

A

The tarsocrural & proximal intertarsal joint

97
Q

Which tarsal joints rarely communicate

A

The proximal intertarsal & distal intertarsal joint

98
Q

Which tarsal joints communicate ~40% of the time

A

The distal intertarsal & tarsometatarsal joint

99
Q

What does “communication” mean when talking about joints

A

They share fluid or allow fluid to cross over btw/ joints

100
Q

List the components of the suspensory apparatus found in the metatarsophalangeal (fetlock) joint

A
  • proxiaml sesamoid bones
  • intersesamoidean ligament (scutum)
  • 3 distal sesamoidean ligaments
101
Q

Describe the distal interphalangeal (coffin) joint

A
  • located w/in the hoof capsule (“coffin”)
  • Includes the distal sesamoid (navicular) bone
102
Q

what digit joint is known as the pastern joint

A

The proximal interphalangeal joint

103
Q

Label the following:

A
  • A = metatarsophalangeal (fetlock) joint
  • B = Proximal interphalangeal (pastern) joint
  • C = distal interphalangean (coffin) joint

Anatomy 2 (14 decks)

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