Lecture 10 : Equine Trunk - Osteology and Myology (Exam 1)

Question 1

how many thoracic vertebrae in horses

Answer 1

18

Question 2

Label the following:

Answer 2

Question 3

what is one difference in thoracic vertebrae in horses vs dogs

Answer 3

lateral vertebral foramen

Question 4

Are the spinous processes in horses shorter or longer compared to dogs? Does this make them more prone to damage or make them stronger?

Answer 4

longer and stronger

Question 5

what is the Bottom left arrow pointing at

Answer 5

brachial plexus

Question 6

Label the following:

Answer 6

Question 7

Label the following:

Answer 7

Question 8

how many ribs do horses have?
do horses have floating ribs?

Answer 8

• 18 total
• 1-8 = sternal
• 9 -18 asternal
• NO FLOATING RIBS

Question 9

Label the following:

Answer 9

Question 10

Label the following:

Answer 10

Question 11

Label the portion of the sternum

Answer 11

Question 12

t/f: there are nutrient foramen in horse vertebrae

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Label the red & blue arrows

Answer 13

• Blue: Lateral vertebral foramen
• Red: Nutrient foramen

Question 14

what is this called in equine vertebrae

Answer 14

kissing spinous processes, that may need to be treated

Question 15

Label the following:

Answer 15

Question 16

Label the following:

Answer 16

Question 17

What is fistulous withers

Answer 17

Bursitis & an infection of the supraspinous bursa

Question 18

What is another name for transverse process in the elongated vertebrae

Answer 18

costal process

Question 19

how many lumbar vertebrae are present in the horse

Answer 19

• 6
• 5 have been reported in the domestic
  horse, donkey, Arabian horse, Przewalski horse, ass, and mule

Question 20

Describe the lumbar transverse processes in equine

Answer 20

• Length increases to the third or fourth then decreases to the last
• First two curve caudally & the last two curve cranially
• L5 articulates L6
• L6 articulates w/ the sacrum

Question 21

Label the following

Answer 21

Question 22

Label the following:

Answer 22

Question 23

Label the following:

Answer 23

Question 24

spinous processes of equine sacrum are

Answer 24

partial fused (S1-S5), form median sacral crest

Question 25

Label the top & bottom red arrows

Answer 25

* Top red arrow: Serratus ventralis m * Bottom red arrow: Rectus thoracis m

Question 26

Describe the rectus thoracis m.

Answer 26

* Lateral surface of the first rib to the cartilage of the 4th rib * Action: draw cartilages & ribs cranially & laterally to assist in inspiration

Question 27

Label the top & bottom red arrow

Answer 27

* Top: Serratus dorsalis cranialis * Bottom: Serratus dorsalis caudalis

Question 28

Describe the serratus dorsalis cranialis m

Answer 28

* Thoracolumbar fascia to lateral surfaces of ribs * Action: Draw the ribs cranially & laterally assisting in inspiration

Question 29

Describe the serratus dorsalis caudalis m

Answer 29

* Thoracolumbar fascia to lateral surfaces of the last 7 to 8 ribs in the horse * Action: Draw the ribs caudally assisting w/ expiration

Question 30

external intercostal vs internal intercostal

Answer 30

* Intercostal m - run from rib to rib & function to unite the ribs together (not distinctly inspiratory nor expiratory); fibers oriented cranioventrally * External intercostal mm - fibers are oriented caudoventrally

Question 31

tunica flava abdominis (abdominal tunic)

Answer 31

* deep fascial sheet of elastic tissues * assists the abdominal wall muscles supporting the weight * ventrally it covers and adheres to the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique * laterlly it covers the external abdominal oblique

Question 32

Describe the external abdominal oblique m. including the OINA

Answer 32

* O: Lateral surfaces of 4th - 18th ribs & the fascia over the external intercostal mm; thoracolumbar fascia * I: Linea alba & prepubic tendon, coxal tuber & body of the ilium * N: Ventral brs. of the thoracic & lumbar spinal n * A: Compress the abdominal viscera as in defecation, urination, parturition, & expiration; flex the trunk * Fibers directed ventrocaudally

Question 33

Label the following

Answer 33

Question 34

Describe the internal abdominal oblique mm Including the OINA

Answer 34

* O: coxal tuber and adjacent part of the inguinal ligament * I: cartilages of the last 4-5 ribs, lines alba and prepubic tendon * The ventral branches of the thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves * A: compress the abdominal viscera as in defecationm urination, parturition, and expiration * Fibers course ventrally, cranially, & medially

Question 35

Label the following:

Answer 35

Question 36

Describe the transverses abdominis m including the OINA

Answer 36

* O: Medial surface of the ventral ends or cartilages of the asternal ribs and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae via thoracolumbar fascia * I: Xiphoid cartilage and linea alba * N: Ventral brs. of thoracic and lumbar spinal nn. * A: Compress the abdominal viscera, as in defecation, urination, parturition and expiration; flex the trunk * Dorsal part is muscular, ventral part is aponeurotic

Question 37

Label the following:

Answer 37

Question 38

Label the following:

Answer 38

Question 39

Label the following:

Answer 39

Question 40

Label the following:

Answer 40

Question 41

Label the following including the yellow star

Answer 41

paralumbar fossa

Question 42

we are looking laterally at the horses abdomen, label the two red lines, the white triangle, the three yellow lines

Answer 42

* red:dorsal and ventral branches of the deep circumflex iliac artery * white: paralumbar fossa * yellow (left to right): L2n(ilioinguinal n), L1(iliohypogastric n), T18(costo-abdominal n)

Question 43

OINA of the rectus abdominis mm

Answer 43

* O: Cartilages of the 4th or 5th to 9th ribs and the adjacent surface of the sternum * I: Pubis via the prepubic tendon * N: Ventral brs. of thoracic and lumbar spinal nn. * A: Similar to that of external and internal abdominal oblique mm. (abdominal compression); flex the lumbosacral joints and the lumbar and thoracic parts of the spine

Question 44

Label the following:

Answer 44

accessory ligament inguinal ligament superficial inguinal ring prepubic tendon

Question 45

Label the following:

Answer 45

linea alba and umbilicus

Question 46

describe the lines alba

Answer 46

* Median fibrous raphe extending from the xiphoid cartilage to the prepubic tendon * Formed by the junction of aponeuroses of external abdominal, internal abdominal and transversus abdominis mm.

Question 47

Label the following:

Answer 47