Lecture 10 : Equine Trunk - Osteology and Myology (Exam 1) Flashcards
how many thoracic vertebrae in horses
18
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what is one difference in thoracic vertebrae in horses vs dogs
lateral vertebral foramen
Are the spinous processes in horses shorter or longer compared to dogs? Does this make them more prone to damage or make them stronger?
longer and stronger
what is the Bottom left arrow pointing at
brachial plexus
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how many ribs do horses have?
do horses have floating ribs?
- 18 total
- 1-8 = sternal
- 9 -18 asternal
- NO FLOATING RIBS
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Label the portion of the sternum
t/f: there are nutrient foramen in horse vertebrae
true
Label the red & blue arrows
- Blue: Lateral vertebral foramen
- Red: Nutrient foramen
what is this called in equine vertebrae
kissing spinous processes, that may need to be treated
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What is fistulous withers
Bursitis & an infection of the supraspinous bursa
What is another name for transverse process in the elongated vertebrae
costal process
how many lumbar vertebrae are present in the horse
- 6
- 5 have been reported in the domestic
horse, donkey, Arabian horse, Przewalski horse, ass, and mule
Describe the lumbar transverse processes in equine
- Length increases to the third or fourth then decreases to the last
- First two curve caudally & the last two curve cranially
- L5 articulates L6
- L6 articulates w/ the sacrum
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spinous processes of equine sacrum are
partial fused (S1-S5), form median sacral crest
Label the top & bottom red arrows
- Top red arrow: Serratus ventralis m
- Bottom red arrow: Rectus thoracis m
Describe the rectus thoracis m.
- Lateral surface of the first rib to the cartilage of the 4th rib
- Action: draw cartilages & ribs cranially & laterally to assist in inspiration
Label the top & bottom red arrow
- Top: Serratus dorsalis cranialis
- Bottom: Serratus dorsalis caudalis
Describe the serratus dorsalis cranialis m
- Thoracolumbar fascia to lateral surfaces of ribs
- Action: Draw the ribs cranially & laterally assisting in inspiration
Describe the serratus dorsalis caudalis m
- Thoracolumbar fascia to lateral surfaces of the last 7 to 8 ribs in the horse
- Action: Draw the ribs caudally assisting w/ expiration
external intercostal vs internal intercostal
- Intercostal m - run from rib to rib & function to unite the ribs together (not distinctly inspiratory nor expiratory); fibers oriented cranioventrally
- External intercostal mm - fibers are oriented caudoventrally
tunica flava abdominis (abdominal tunic)
- deep fascial sheet of elastic tissues
- assists the abdominal wall muscles supporting the weight
- ventrally it covers and adheres to the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique
- laterlly it covers the external abdominal oblique
Describe the external abdominal oblique m. including the OINA
- O: Lateral surfaces of 4th - 18th ribs & the fascia over the external intercostal mm; thoracolumbar fascia
- I: Linea alba & prepubic tendon, coxal tuber & body of the ilium
- N: Ventral brs. of the thoracic & lumbar spinal n
- A: Compress the abdominal viscera as in defecation, urination, parturition, & expiration; flex the trunk
- Fibers directed ventrocaudally
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Describe the internal abdominal oblique mm Including the OINA
- O: coxal tuber and adjacent part of the inguinal ligament
- I: cartilages of the last 4-5 ribs, lines alba and prepubic tendon
- The ventral branches of the thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves
- A: compress the abdominal viscera as in defecationm urination, parturition, and expiration
- Fibers course ventrally, cranially, & medially
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Describe the transverses abdominis m including the OINA
- O: Medial surface of the
ventral ends or cartilages of
the asternal ribs and the
transverse processes of the
lumbar vertebrae via
thoracolumbar fascia - I: Xiphoid cartilage and linea
alba - N: Ventral brs. of
thoracic and lumbar spinal
nn. - A: Compress the
abdominal viscera, as in
defecation, urination,
parturition and expiration;
flex the trunk - Dorsal part is muscular,
ventral part is aponeurotic
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Label the following including the yellow star
paralumbar fossa
we are looking laterally at the horses abdomen, label the two red lines, the white triangle, the three yellow lines
- red:dorsal and ventral branches of the deep circumflex iliac artery
- white: paralumbar fossa
- yellow (left to right): L2n(ilioinguinal n), L1(iliohypogastric n), T18(costo-abdominal n)
OINA of the rectus abdominis mm
- O: Cartilages of the 4th
or 5th to 9th ribs and the
adjacent surface of the
sternum - I: Pubis via the prepubic
tendon - N: Ventral
brs. of thoracic and
lumbar spinal nn. - A: Similar to that of
external and internal
abdominal oblique mm.
(abdominal
compression); flex the
lumbosacral joints and
the lumbar and thoracic
parts of the spine
Label the following:
accessory ligament
inguinal ligament
superficial inguinal ring
prepubic tendon
Label the following:
linea alba and umbilicus
describe the lines alba
- Median fibrous raphe extending from the xiphoid
cartilage to the prepubic tendon - Formed by the junction of aponeuroses of external abdominal, internal abdominal and transversus abdominis mm.
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