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Anatomy 2 > Lecture 10 : Equine Trunk - Osteology and Myology (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Lecture 10 : Equine Trunk - Osteology and Myology (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae in horses

A

18

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2
Q

Label the following:

A
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3
Q

what is one difference in thoracic vertebrae in horses vs dogs

A

lateral vertebral foramen

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4
Q

Are the spinous processes in horses shorter or longer compared to dogs? Does this make them more prone to damage or make them stronger?

A

longer and stronger

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5
Q

what is the Bottom left arrow pointing at

A

brachial plexus

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6
Q

Label the following:

A
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7
Q

Label the following:

A
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8
Q

how many ribs do horses have?
do horses have floating ribs?

A
  • 18 total
  • 1-8 = sternal
  • 9 -18 asternal
  • NO FLOATING RIBS
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9
Q

Label the following:

A
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10
Q

Label the following:

A
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11
Q

Label the portion of the sternum

A
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12
Q

t/f: there are nutrient foramen in horse vertebrae

A

true

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13
Q

Label the red & blue arrows

A
  • Blue: Lateral vertebral foramen
  • Red: Nutrient foramen
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14
Q

what is this called in equine vertebrae

A

kissing spinous processes, that may need to be treated

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15
Q

Label the following:

A
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16
Q

Label the following:

A
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17
Q

What is fistulous withers

A

Bursitis & an infection of the supraspinous bursa

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18
Q

What is another name for transverse process in the elongated vertebrae

A

costal process

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19
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are present in the horse

A
  • 6
  • 5 have been reported in the domestic
    horse, donkey, Arabian horse, Przewalski horse, ass, and mule
20
Q

Describe the lumbar transverse processes in equine

A
  • Length increases to the third or fourth then decreases to the last
  • First two curve caudally & the last two curve cranially
  • L5 articulates L6
  • L6 articulates w/ the sacrum
21
Q

Label the following

A
22
Q

Label the following:

A
23
Q

Label the following:

A
24
Q

spinous processes of equine sacrum are

A

partial fused (S1-S5), form median sacral crest

25
Q

Label the top & bottom red arrows

A
  • Top red arrow: Serratus ventralis m
  • Bottom red arrow: Rectus thoracis m
26
Q

Describe the rectus thoracis m.

A
  • Lateral surface of the first rib to the cartilage of the 4th rib
  • Action: draw cartilages & ribs cranially & laterally to assist in inspiration
27
Q

Label the top & bottom red arrow

A
  • Top: Serratus dorsalis cranialis
  • Bottom: Serratus dorsalis caudalis
28
Q

Describe the serratus dorsalis cranialis m

A
  • Thoracolumbar fascia to lateral surfaces of ribs
  • Action: Draw the ribs cranially & laterally assisting in inspiration
29
Q

Describe the serratus dorsalis caudalis m

A
  • Thoracolumbar fascia to lateral surfaces of the last 7 to 8 ribs in the horse
  • Action: Draw the ribs caudally assisting w/ expiration
30
Q

external intercostal vs internal intercostal

A
  • Intercostal m - run from rib to rib & function to unite the ribs together (not distinctly inspiratory nor expiratory); fibers oriented cranioventrally
  • External intercostal mm - fibers are oriented caudoventrally
31
Q

tunica flava abdominis (abdominal tunic)

A
  • deep fascial sheet of elastic tissues
  • assists the abdominal wall muscles supporting the weight
  • ventrally it covers and adheres to the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique
  • laterlly it covers the external abdominal oblique
32
Q

Describe the external abdominal oblique m. including the OINA

A
  • O: Lateral surfaces of 4th - 18th ribs & the fascia over the external intercostal mm; thoracolumbar fascia
  • I: Linea alba & prepubic tendon, coxal tuber & body of the ilium
  • N: Ventral brs. of the thoracic & lumbar spinal n
  • A: Compress the abdominal viscera as in defecation, urination, parturition, & expiration; flex the trunk
  • Fibers directed ventrocaudally
33
Q

Label the following

A
34
Q

Describe the internal abdominal oblique mm Including the OINA

A
  • O: coxal tuber and adjacent part of the inguinal ligament
  • I: cartilages of the last 4-5 ribs, lines alba and prepubic tendon
  • The ventral branches of the thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves
  • A: compress the abdominal viscera as in defecationm urination, parturition, and expiration
  • Fibers course ventrally, cranially, & medially
35
Q

Label the following:

A
36
Q

Describe the transverses abdominis m including the OINA

A
  • O: Medial surface of the
    ventral ends or cartilages of
    the asternal ribs and the
    transverse processes of the
    lumbar vertebrae via
    thoracolumbar fascia
  • I: Xiphoid cartilage and linea
    alba
  • N: Ventral brs. of
    thoracic and lumbar spinal
    nn.
  • A: Compress the
    abdominal viscera, as in
    defecation, urination,
    parturition and expiration;
    flex the trunk
  • Dorsal part is muscular,
    ventral part is aponeurotic
37
Q

Label the following:

A
38
Q

Label the following:

A
39
Q

Label the following:

A
40
Q

Label the following:

A
41
Q

Label the following including the yellow star

A

paralumbar fossa

42
Q

we are looking laterally at the horses abdomen, label the two red lines, the white triangle, the three yellow lines

A
  • red:dorsal and ventral branches of the deep circumflex iliac artery
  • white: paralumbar fossa
  • yellow (left to right): L2n(ilioinguinal n), L1(iliohypogastric n), T18(costo-abdominal n)
43
Q

OINA of the rectus abdominis mm

A
  • O: Cartilages of the 4th
    or 5th to 9th ribs and the
    adjacent surface of the
    sternum
  • I: Pubis via the prepubic
    tendon
  • N: Ventral
    brs. of thoracic and
    lumbar spinal nn.
  • A: Similar to that of
    external and internal
    abdominal oblique mm.
    (abdominal
    compression); flex the
    lumbosacral joints and
    the lumbar and thoracic
    parts of the spine
44
Q

Label the following:

A

accessory ligament
inguinal ligament
superficial inguinal ring
prepubic tendon

45
Q

Label the following:

A

linea alba and umbilicus

46
Q

describe the lines alba

A
  • Median fibrous raphe extending from the xiphoid
    cartilage to the prepubic tendon
  • Formed by the junction of aponeuroses of external abdominal, internal abdominal and transversus abdominis mm.
47
Q

Label the following:

A

Anatomy 2 (14 decks)

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