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Anatomy 2 > Lecture 14: Abdominal Gastrointestinal Sys (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Lecture 14: Abdominal Gastrointestinal Sys (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What structures come from the Dorsal mesentery

A
  • Greater omentum
  • Mesoduodenum
  • Mesenterium
  • Mesocolon
  • Mesorectum
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2
Q

What develops from the ventral mesentery

A
  • Lesser omentum
  • Liver ligaments
  • Falciform ligaments
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3
Q

Label the primitive gut in the embryo

A
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4
Q

What develops from the foregut

A
  • Most cranial structures of the GI tract & the respiratory system
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5
Q

What develops from the Midgut

A
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6
Q

What develops from the Hindgut

A
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7
Q

Where does most of the fermentation occur in equine

A

The cecum

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8
Q

T/F: Equine are considered hind gut fermentors

A

True

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9
Q

What does “intrathoracic abdominal organs” mean

A

The organs project inside the into the thorax

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10
Q

Describe the outer parts of the stomach in equine

A
  • Smaller than in dogs
  • Parts of the stomach are the same as a dogs
  • Cardias is very strong
  • The greater omentum is shorter & doesn’t cover the intestines
  • There is a blind sac in the fundus called saccus caecus ventriculi
  • In the left side of the abdomen
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11
Q

Label the following:

A
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12
Q

Label the following:

A
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13
Q

Label the following:

A
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14
Q

What are the two parts of the inner equine stomach? What separates the two parts

A
  • Glandular & non-glandular part
  • The margo plicatus fold separates them
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15
Q

What does the cardias open in the stomach? What about the pylorus

A
  • Cardias: In the non-glandular part
  • Pylorus: Glandular part
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16
Q

What is important to remember about the non-glandular part

A

It has no protection from stomach acids, so if stomach acid touches the non-glandular part it can cause ulcers

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17
Q

Label the following duodenum (2-5):

A
  • 2: Cranial portion
  • 3: Descending portion
  • 4: Ascending portion
  • 5: Caudal duodenal flexure
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18
Q

What is part of the cranial portion of the duodenum

A

The cranial duodenal flexure

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19
Q

Describe the descending part of the duodenum

A
  • Has a relationship w/ the mesoduodenum
  • Has major duodenal papila (Bile duct & pancreatic duct) & minor duodenal papila (accessory pancreatic duct
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20
Q

What side of the abdomen is the descending duodenum found

A

The right side

21
Q

What is the red arrow pointing to?

A

The descending duodenum found in front of the last rib (18th rib)

22
Q

Where is the jejunum found

A

Dorsal & left to the midline

23
Q

Describe the ileum found in equine

A
  • Communicates immediately w/ the caecum instead of the colon (like in dogs)
  • Communicates medially w/ the caecum by the Ileocaecal orifice
24
Q

Label the following

25
Q

What is the red arrow pointing to

A

The jejunum

26
Q

Label the following

27
Q

Describe the development of the large intestine in equine

A
  • The position @ first is similar to dogs
  • The caecum & colon undergo remarkable enlargements & take up most of the abdomen
28
Q

Describe the cecum found in equine

A
  • Base found in the dorsal right side
  • Body is in the right ventral abdomen
  • Apex is found central & ventral to the midline btw/ the left & right colon
29
Q

What forms the taenias & why is it important

A
  • The longitudinal smooth muscles
  • Important for movement
  • 4 in the cecum
30
Q

What are haustras, what is found between them, & why are they important?

A
  • Haustras = sacculations
  • Btw/ them = semilunar folds
  • Communicates directly w/ the ileum (by the ileal papilla) surrounded by a sphincter & the right ventral colon (caecolocolic orfice)
31
Q

Label the cecum superficial structures:

32
Q

Label the following cecum:

33
Q

Describe the path of the ascending colon (large colon)

A

right ventral colon -> sternal flexure -> Left ventral -> Pelvic flexure -> left dorsal -> diaphragmatic flexure -> right dorsal

34
Q

Label the following colon:

A
  • A: Right ventral
  • B: Sternal flexure
  • C: Left ventral
  • D: Pelvic flexure
  • E: Left dorsal
  • F: Diaphragmatic flexure
  • Right dorsal
35
Q

What is the smallest part of the colon? How can this cause problems?

A
  • The left dorsal part of the ascending colon
  • Can cause entrapment of digesta in equine
36
Q

What is the biggest part of the colon

A

The right dorsal part of the asending colon

37
Q

What is the only peritoneum found around the colon (remanent of the mesocolon)

A

Intercolic ligament (found between the ventral parts & dorsal ventral parts of the ascending colon)

38
Q

Label the following colon

39
Q

Label the following (1,3,4,5 & 6, 8, 10, & 12)

A

1: base of the cecum
12: Right ventral ascending colon
10: Sternal flexure
8: left ventral
6 & 5: Dorsal left
4: Diaphragmatic flexure
3: Dorsal right

40
Q

Label the following

41
Q

T/F: The descending & transverse colon don’t have a mesos connecting them to the abdomen

A

False they both have a mesos

42
Q

Can you do an abdominal palpation on large animals

A

No b/c they have strong abdominal mulsces & large organs so you have to auscultated

43
Q

What can be auscultated in the right dorsal quadrant of the free stomach

A
  • Base of the cecum
  • Mixing movement
44
Q

What can be auscultated in the left dorsal quadrant of the free stomach

A
  • Small intestine (jejunum)
  • Descending colon
45
Q

What can be auscultated in the left ventral quadrant of the free stomach

A
  • Left ventral colon
  • Left dorsal colon
46
Q

What can be auscultated in the right ventral quadrant of the free stomach

A
  • Right ventral colon
  • Body of the cecum
47
Q

What is the technical term for a gut sound

A

Borborygmus (pleural = borborygmi)

48
Q

How many borborygmi is considered normal, hypomotile, & hypermotile

A
  • Norm: 1 to 3 per min
  • Hypo: < 1 per min
  • Hyper: > 3 per min

Anatomy 2 (26 decks)

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