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Anatomy 2 > Lecture 2: Myology of the Thoracic Limb (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Myology of the Thoracic Limb (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

How many extrinsic muscles are attached to the scapula & humerus

A

4 to both

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2
Q

What is a difference in equine extrinsic muscles compared to dogs

A
  • The omotransversarius and brachiocephalicus are attached
  • There is only a cervical & thoracic parts of the rhomboideus (there is no cephalic part)
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3
Q

Label the following:

A
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4
Q

Label A:

A
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5
Q

What muscle is this

A
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6
Q

Describe the dorsal scapular ligament & why is it important

A
  • Begins @ the supraspinous ligament & attaches to the middle ofthe surface
  • Helps to keep the limb in place
  • Acts like a sling
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7
Q

Label the following:

A
  • D = the scapula
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8
Q

Label the following:

A
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9
Q

Describe the thoracic sling

A

The extrinsic muscles suspend the trunk btw/ the forelimbs & fix the scapula

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10
Q

Define synsarcosis

A

A joint that bind bony structures to the body just by muscles

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11
Q

What will happen if there is a rupture of the serratus ventralis

A

The shoulder & cartilage will be poking out

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12
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder in equine

A
  • Supraspinatus m
  • Infraspinatus m
  • Deltoideus m
  • Teres minor m
  • Subscapularis
  • Teres major m
  • Coracobrachialis m
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13
Q

What is an extrinsic muscle found in equine that is closely related to the intrinsic muscles

A

The subclavius m

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14
Q

What is the OIA of the supraspinatus

A

O: supraspinous fossa
I: Graters & lesser tubercles of the humerus
A: Extend & stabilize the humeral joint

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15
Q

Tho OIA of the infraspinatus

A

O: Infraspinous fossa
I: Superficial tendon (on the greater tubercle of the humerus; infraspinatus bursa) & deep tendon (on the caudal eminence of greater tubercle)
A: Fixator & abductor of the humeral joint

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16
Q

Label the blue and green arrow

A

Blue = supraspinatus
Green = infraspinatus

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17
Q

What is the difference of the deltoideus in equine compared to canines

A

There is no acromion on the scapula so there is no acromion part of the deltoideus

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18
Q

OIA of the deltoideus

A

O: Caudal border of the scapula & the aponeurosis which covers the infraspinatus
I: Deltoid tuberosity
A: Flexor & abductor of the shoulder

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19
Q

OIA of the subclavius

A

O: Cranial part of the sternum closely associated to the supraspinatus m
I: Supraspinatus muscle epimysium
A: Complements the pectoral muscle

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20
Q

Label the green & blue label

A

Blue: Deltoideus
Green: Subclavius

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21
Q

OIA of the subscapularis

A

O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
A: Stabilize the shoulder & adduction

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22
Q

OIA of Teres major

A

O: Caudal angle of the scapula & adjacent caudal border of the scapula
I: Teres major tuberosity of humerus
A: Mainly flexor of the shoulder

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23
Q

Label the blue & green arrow

A

Blue: subscapularis
Green: Teres major

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24
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the brachium

A
  • Triceps brachii
  • Tensor fasciae antebrachii
  • Anconeus
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachialis
  • Coracobrachialis
25
Q

Which intrinsic muscles of the brachium are more stressed than the others in equine

A
  • Triceps brachii
  • Bracchialis
26
Q

What muscle is important for gate & stay apparatus in equine

A

Biceps brachii

26
Q

What is the lacertus fibrosus

A
  • Tendinous insertion of biceps brachii on the entensor carpi radialis
  • Part of the stay apparatus
26
Q

OIA of biceps brachii

A

O: Supraglenoid tubercle
I: Radial tuberosity (main insertion) & extensor carpi radialis via lacertus fibrosus (a tendon)
A: Flexor of the elbow & extensor of the shoulder

27
Q

Where is the intertubercular bursa located

A

Between the tendon of the origin of the biceps brachii & the intertubercular grooves of the humerus

28
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis

A

Proximal to the carpus

29
Q

Label the large blue arrow, small blue arrow, & the green arrow

A
  • Little blue arrow: Interubercular bursa
  • Big blue arrow: A inner tendon that connects the origin tendon to the insertion tendon
  • Green arrow: Lacertus fibrosus
30
Q

Label A - C:

31
Q

Label the following:

32
Q

What is the antagonist of the Bicep brachii

A

Triceps brachii

33
Q

OIA of triceps brachii

A

O: Caudal border of the scapular (long head), Deltoid tuberosity (lateral head), medial aspect of the humerus (medial head)
I: Olecranon tuber
A: Extension of the elbow (main action) & flexion of the shoulder

34
Q

Describe the bursai associated w/ the triceps brachii

A
  • Subcutaneous
  • subtendinous (btw/ the long head of the triceps & olecranon)
35
Q

Label the dark blue arrow, light blue arrow, & the orange arrow

A
  • Dark blue: Long head of triceps brachii
  • Light blue: Lateral head of triceps brachii
  • Orange: Medial head of the triceps brachii
36
Q

What are the craniolateral intrinsic muscles of the antebrachium & manus

A
  • Extensor carpi radialis
  • Common digital extensor
  • Lateral digital extensor
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris (ulnaris lateralis)
37
Q

What are the caudomedial intrinsic muscles of the antebrachium & manus

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar & humeral heads)
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Superficial digital flexor
  • Deep digital flexor
38
Q

What two muscles are not found in equine & why

A
  • The pronator & supinator
  • B/c the radius & ulna are fused together
39
Q

What do the craniolateral intrinsic muscles of the antebrachium & manus

A

Extend the carpus & digits

40
Q

What do the caudomedial intrinsic muscles of the antbrachium & manus do

A

Flex the carpus & digits

41
Q

OINA of common digital extensor

A

O: Later epicondyle of the humerus
I: Extensor process of distal phalanx & dorsal surface of the proximal & middle phalanges
N: Radial nerve
A: Extend the carpus & digits; flex the elbow joint

42
Q

Label the blue & green arrow

A

Blue: Extensor carpi radialis
Green: Common digital extensor

43
Q

OINA Lateral digital extensor

A

O: Lateral tuberosity of the radius & the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow
I: dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx
N: Radial n.
A: Extend the carpus & digit

44
Q

OINA of extensor carpi ulnaris (ulnaris lateralis)

A

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: short tendon (accessory carpal bone) & long tendon (metacarpal bone IV)
N: Radial n.
A: Flex (major action) & abduct the carpus

45
Q

Label the Green & blue arrow

A

Green: Extensor carpi ulnaris (ulnaris lateralis)
Blue: Lateral digital extensor

46
Q

OINA for flexor carpi ulnaris

A

O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus (humeral head) & Olecranon (ulnar head)
I: Accessory carpal bone
N: Ulnar n.
A: Flex the carpus & extend the elbow joint

47
Q

OINA for Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: Metacarpal bone II
N: Median n.
A: Flex the carpus & extend the elbow joint

48
Q

Label the blue and green arrow

A
  • Blue = Ulnar & humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Green: Flexor carpi radialis
49
Q

OINA for Superficial digital flexor

A

O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus & radius (for proximal accessory ligament)
I: Flexor surfaces of proximal & middle phalanges
N: Ulnar n.
A: Flex the digit (proximal interphalangeal joint) & carpus, also extends the elbow joint

50
Q

OINA for Deep Digital Flexor

A

O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus by the distal accessory ligament (Humeral head), Olecranon (ulnar head), & radius (radial head)
I: Flexor surface of the distal phalanx
N: Median & ulnar n.
A: Flex the digit & carpus, also extends the elbow joint

51
Q

Label the green & red muscles

A

Green: SDF
Red: DDF

52
Q

What is another name for the suspensory ligament

A

Interosseous tendon of the interosseous m.

53
Q

Describe the Interosseous ligament (suspensory ligament)

A
  • Very little muscle fiber in large animals
  • Connects bone to bone
  • Is passive (Doesn’t flex joints)
54
Q

What are the 4 anatomical areas of the suspensory ligament

A
  • Proximal
  • Mid-body
  • Branches
  • Extensor branches
55
Q

What is the distal sesamoidean ligaments

A

A continuation of the suspensory ligament distal to the sesamoids

56
Q

Label the following pic:

A
  • Proximal
  • Mid-body
  • Branches
  • Extensor Branches
  • Distal sesomoidean ligaments
57
Q

Describe the equine stay apparatus

A
  • Group of muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, & joints
  • Allows horses to maintain their standing posture for hours without losing energy
  • Protects underlying structures
  • Joints “block”/avoid energy losses

Anatomy 2 (38 decks)

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