Lecture 29 & 30: Ruminant Alimentary System (Exam 3) Flashcards
Label the following diagram
Label the following diagram
What is the benefit of regurgitating in ruminants
Be able to swallow food in a moment of danger and chew it later when back in to a safe area
What is the route of food through the stomach
Rumen -> reticulum -> omasum -> abomasum
Label the following
What are the 4 chambers colloquial terms
- Rumen: Paunch
- Reticulum: Honeycomb
- Omasum: Maniply
- Abomasum: True stomach
What type of fermenters are ruminants
Foregut fermenters
Where does the abomasum connect
to the descending anatomy
Where is the ascending & descending colon
- Ascending: Right side
- Descending: On the left side
What are the difference of bovine stomachs
- Larger volumes
- Slightly diff anatomy w/in the rumen
Label the following
Label the following
If you can see the omasum & abomasum what side of the animal are you looking @
The right side
Label the following
What part of the stomach takes up a lot of room on the left side of the stomach
Rumen
T/F: The arteries & veins of the ruminant stomach are the same as equine/caninee
True
Describe the branches of ruminant arteries & veins
- Celiac: Main branch off the aorta, gives off the left gastric
Label just the numbers (1 - 12)
Label the following numbers (1,3,5,6, & 9)
Label the structures inside the rumen
Where is the antrum
Is the first space coming into the stomach
What are the pillars
Hard stiff structures that divide up the rumen
What is found in the anturm
- Fine little papilla
- Used to absorb digested food better
What can pass through the reticular groove
Small really thin particles
Label the following
T/F: Camels & alpacas are ruminants
False they ruminate but they aren’t rumininants
What are the external & internal features of the rumen
What are the external & internal features of the reticulum
What are the external & internal features of omasum
What are the internal & external features of the abomasum
What is a difference btw/ an adult goats stomach & a kid goats stomach
- In a kid the abomasum is about 70% of the stomach while the rumen it 30% (Acts more like a monogastric stomach)
- In an adult the abomasum takes up 7% of the stomach when the rumen is 80% of the stomach
What are the % that each compartment takes of the stomach in a neonatal bovine
- Abomasum = 60%
- Rumen = 15%
- Omasum = 10%
- Reticulum = 5%
Label the following
Where do different components of digesta sit in the rumen
- “cud” at the bottom
- Fibrous component lays a fiber mat on top of the cud
- Liquid above the fiber mat
- Gas at the very top
How does food travel through the GI system
- Orad to aborad
- Oral cavity -> esophagus -> rumen -> reticulum -> omasum -> abomasum -> duodenum -> jejunum -> ileum -> ascending colon -> spiral colon -> transverse colon -> descending colon -> rectum -> anus
How is cud made
- Regurgitated & chewed again while the ruminant is lying down
- Food is swallowed for the second time bypasses the rumen
- The digesta is then finally processed by acids and digestive enzymes in the other stomach chambers
Describe the reticulum
- Receives the metal (can use a gi magnet to catch most metal)
- Sight of “hardware disease”
- 2nd stomach in the system
- Looks like a honeycomb
- Helps keep food in the rumen mixed w/ water & saliva
- When done the mixture can move on to other parts of the system
Describe the omasum
- 3rd chamber of the stomach
- Made up of lots of folds of tissue (like 1/2 a leaf) to create a large surface area to absorb water
- Can also act as a filtration system & only allows fine particles & small amounts of fluid into the abomasum
- “Leaves of a book”
Describe the abomasum
- Where chemical process occurs
- Digestive juices cause chemical changes to break down the proteins, carbs, & fats into simpler substances
- The simpler substances now pass into the small intestine for further digestion & absorption into the blood stream
- Dumps into the hepatic portal to take it to the liver to detoxify before sending it to the caudal vena cava
- Acts like a non ruminant stomach
- Functions as digestive unit in calves until they are several months old when rumination begins
- The rugi folds will expand/straighten out to allow for the abomasum to expand to hold for food
Label the following (37 -46):
Which artery delivers blood to the abomasum near the omasum
Left gastric a
Label the following:
Label the following
What is a common gi syndrome in cattle
- Displaced abomasum (RDA or LDA)
- The abomasum fills up w/ gas and float up on the left side or will twist and float up to the right side
Label the following
Label the folowing
How can you determine if it is the ileum or jejunum
Antimesenteric a is on the ileum
Is the spinal colon before the or after the transverse colon
Before (orad = closer to the oral cavity)
How does the small intestine increase the surface area of its mucosal layer
By having millions of villi
Label A, B, D, E, G, J, 12, 13, 14
Label the following
What lymph nodes can are palpatable on a PE
- Superficial inguinal LN
- superficial surgical LN
What organ is important to the lymphatic system
Spleen
What LN can be found will dissecting
- Mesenteric LN
Label the following
