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Anatomy 2 > Lecture 12: Head & Neck Respiratory Pathway (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Lecture 12: Head & Neck Respiratory Pathway (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe an equine nose

A
  • Possesses a cartilaginous skeleton
  • Doesn’t have a plane (just skin)
  • Has a nasal diverticulum
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2
Q

What is the nasal diverticulum

A

A blind sac w/ great capacity for expansion btw/ alar cartilage & nasoincicive notch (allows the nostral to dilate

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3
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity

A
  • Rostral - Nostrils
  • Caudal - Choanae
  • Dorsal - Nasal bone
  • Ventral - hard palate
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4
Q

What divides the nasal cavity meadially

A

Nasal septum (bone caudally & cartilage rostrally)

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5
Q

What is the nasal vestibule

A

A pigmented surface btw/ the skin & mucosa

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6
Q

Label what the blue arrow is pointing too

A
  • Nasal vestibule
  • duct of nasal lacrimal is pink dot in the black
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7
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct flow

A

Into the vestibule near the mucocutaneous unction

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8
Q

What glands are to for keeping the humidity of the nose

A

Nasal & lacrimal glands

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9
Q

What do the nasal correspond w/

A

To the papyraceous bones that continue from the ethmoid bone (labyrinth)

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10
Q

List the nasal conchae & describe them

A
  • Ethmoidal conchae (endo & ectoturbinates)
  • Dorsal nasal concha (1) - endoturbinate 1)
  • Ventral nasal concha (2) - part of the facial bone, ends rostrally in an alar fold
  • Middle nasal concha (endoturbinate 2)
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11
Q

What is the nasal meatuses and what are ther name

A
  • Spaces btw/ the conchae
  • Dorsal
  • Middle
  • Ventral
  • Common
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12
Q

Label the following:

A
  • Short blue arrow: Nares (nostrils)
  • Long blue arrow: Choanae
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13
Q

Label the following:

A
  • 1: Dorsal nasal concha
  • 2: Ventral nasal concha
  • 3: Vomer nasal organ
  • 4: ventral miyatus
  • 5: Middle miyatus
  • 6: Dorsal nasal miyatus
  • 7: Septum (vomer bone)
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14
Q

What is the flehmen response

A
  • Flipping of the upper lip up b/c of the levator of the superior lip m.
  • Using the vomer nasal organ to take in phermones
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15
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx

A
  • Oropharynx
  • Nasopharynx
  • Laryngopharynx

(blue line on the pic is air & the bottom pic is digestive pathway)

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16
Q

Describe the oropharynx

A
  • Oral part
  • Food pathway
  • Ventral to soft palate
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17
Q

T/F: Airflow always starts in the nasal cavity in equine

A

True b/c they can’t breath through there mouth

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18
Q

Describe the nasopharynx

A
  • nasal part
  • Air pathway
  • Dorsal to the soft palate
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19
Q

Describe the Laryngopharynx

A
  • Cavity dorsal to the larynx
  • Just before esophagus
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20
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasopharynx

A
  • Rostral - choanae
  • Caudal - palatopharyngeal arch
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21
Q

Where does the epiglottis rests during respiration

A

Dorsally to the soft palate

22
Q

What can be found in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

A

A pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube (joins the ear to the nasopharynx to equalize the pressure from the outside to the inside)

23
Q

What is the blue arrow pointing too

A

blue - A fibrous cartilage entrance for the auditory tube

24
Q

What is the auditory tube diverticulum

A
  • “Guttural pouch”
  • A sack full of air (caudoventral dilatation of the auditory tube)
  • Mechanism for cooling the cerebral blood supply during strenuous exercise
25
What is the blue arrow pointing too
Guttural pouch
26
What are the boundaries of the auditory tube diverticulum
* Dorsal - base of the skull * Ventral - pharynx & esophagus * Lateral - Stylohyoid bone * Medial - contralateral guttural pouch
27
Label the following:
28
Label the following:
29
What is the thyroid triangle
* Made rom the maxillary vein & what else? * Allows for the access of the guttural pouch
30
Label the following:
31
What bone divides the guttural pouch into two
Stylohyoid bone
32
What is found in the lateral chamber of the guttural pouch
* External carotid artery * Facial n
33
What is found in the medial chamber of the guttural pouch
* Internal carotid artery (in here to drop the temp 2 degrees before it reaches the brain) * Accessory n * Glossopharyngeal n * Vagus * Cervical ganglia of the sympathetic trunk
34
What causes "strangles"
Streptococcus equi attacking the guttural pouch
35
Describe the larynx
* Formed by cartilages, ligaments, & muscles surrounded by mucosa * Btw/ the nasopharynx & trachea (ventral to the atlas & axis vertebrae)
36
What is the function of the larynx
* Air pathway mainly * Phonation & bloqueage oof foreign bodies to the lower air way pathways
37
What is the blue square circling
Larynx
38
How is the larynx joined w/ the base of the skull
via the hyoid apparatus
39
which parts are paired & impair cartilages are there in the larynx
* Paired - Arytenoid * Impaired - Epiglottis, thyroid, & cricoid
40
Label the following:
41
What are some differences in the styloid apparatus
* Epiglottis cartilage - longer and pointy * Arytenoid - no cuneiform process
42
Describe the epiglottis
* Pointed apex * Cuneiform processes
43
Describe the thyroid in equine
* Oval shape
44
Describe the arytenoid
* Corniculate process (well dev) * No cuneiform processes
45
Describe the cricoid
Lamina & arch
46
What are the two ligs of the
* Cricothyroid lig * Cricotracheal lig
47
What is the glottis
* Phonatory appartus * Vocal folds & vocal processes of the arytenoid
48
Label the following:
* A: Vestibular fold * B: Vocal fold * C: laryngopharynx * D: Corniculate process * E: Soft palate * F: Vocal folds * Vestibular fold soft palate on bottom lines on the inside are vocal folds spaces are the ventricle
49
What muscle is the only muscle that abduct the vocal folds
Dorsal cricoarytenoid m (recurrent laryngeal n)
50
What are the intrinsic m of the larynx
* Dorsal cricoarytenoid m * Lateral cricoarytenoid m * Thyroarytenoid m (vocalis & ventricular) * Cricothyroid m * Transverse arytenoid m
51
What are the extrinsic m of the larynx
* Sternothyroid * Thyrohyoid * Hyoepiglottic * Thyropharyngeal
52
Describe the cervical trachea
* Located caudal to the cricoid cartilage * Ventral to the esophagus (mid cervical region of esophagus to the left laterally) * Formed by incomplete tracheal cartilages dorsally * Annular ligs join cartilages together * Tracheal smooth muscle completes the rings (inserted inside)

Anatomy 2 (50 decks)

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