Lecture 16: Pelvic Cavity, Retroperitoneum, & Urinary System (Exam 2) Flashcards
What is the main component of the pelvic cavity
The bony pelvis
What is the terminal line
- The pelvic brim
- Is palpable rectally
What completes the pelvic inlet dorsally
The sacrum
Describe the pelvic inlet
- More round in mares
- More ovoid in stallions
Which is a mare & which is a stallion?
- A = mare
- B = Stallion
Describe the pelvic outlet
- Not all bony structures
- Dorsally - first caudal vertebrae
- Ventrally - Ischiatic arch
- Laterally - Sacrosciatic lig & pelvic diaphragm
- Alot small than the inlet
- The rectum is seen above (dorsally) the vulva
Describe the Sacroiliac joint
- Modified synovial joint
- Auricular surfaces of the wing of the sacrum & the wing of the ilium
- Has hyaline cartilage & fibrocartilage
- The dorsal sacroiliac ligaments (Dorsal & lateral), ventral sacroiliac lig, & the interosseus lig are the supporting ligaments
What is the difference in the sacrosciatic lig in equine
- Larger or wider than in the dogs
Describe the sacrosciatic ligament
- Comes from the lateral part of the sacrum & into the ilium & ischium
- Inserts @ the greater ischiatic notch (foramen) & lesser ischiatic notch (foramen)
What goes through the greater ischiatic notch foramen
- Lumbosacral trunk
- Cranial gluteal a & v
What passes through the lesser ischiatic notch foramen
Tendon of the internal obturator
Label the following (5 & 7)
- 5: Greater ischiatic notch (foramen)
- 7: Lesser ischiatic notch (foramen)
Label the following
What organs make up the urinary system
- 2 kidneys
- 2 ureters
- 1 urinary bladder
- 1 urethra
What does each organ do
- Kidneys: filter blood; remove waste products & convert filtrate into urine; produce renin & erythropoietin
- Ureters: transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
- Urinary bladder: Expandable muscular sac that stores urine
- Urethra: eliminates urine from the body
Label the following
Describe the location of the kidneys
- Retroperitoneal *behind the parietal peritoneum)
- Right kidney is more cranial (dorsal border against the diaphragm)
- Both are by the thoraco-lumbar junction & paralumbar fossa
What can be found on the liver from the right kidney
Renal fossa
What covers the kidneys
Perinephric fat & a fibrous capsule
Where are the adrenal glands found
Medially close to the cranial pole of the kidneys
Describe the shape of an equine kidney
- Left - bean shaped & smooth
- Right - heart shape & smooth
What are the divisions of the kidney & what does the kidney consist of
- Cortex (outer) - made of renal corpuscles & convoluted tubules
- Medulla (inner) - long loops of henle, collecting ducts, and renal crest
- Unipapillary w/ renal crest
- Renal pelvis & terminal recesses
- Pelivis renalis mucus glands
What is a difference about the equine kidney
They are unipappillary (union of the renal papillae)
Label the following
Label the following
Describe how the kidneys are found by ultrasound/their location
- Right - Ventral to the last two or three ribs & the first lumbar transverse. Found transcutaneously
- Left - Located ventral to the last rib & first two or three lumbar processes. Found transcutaneously & rectally
What is the nephrosplenic (renosplenic) ligamentr
- Btw/ the left kidney & the spleen
- Peritoneal fold btw/ organs
- Entrapment zone for the small & large intestine
Describe the urinary bladder
- Very similar to dogs (apex, body, & neck)
- is retroperitoneal
- Very thick
- When the bladder is empty it will sit inside the pelvic cavity
- Is held to the abdominal wall by two lateral lig & one median lig
Describe the urethra
- Wide but short urethra in mares
- Covered in a urethral muscle
- In stallions it is not as wide but longer
- Well dev urethalis glandules
What do urethalis glandules
Make a mucus like urine
