Lecture 18: Female Repro System (Exam 2) Flashcards
What are the six parts of the female repro sys
- Ovaries
- Uterine tube
- Uterus
- Vagina
- Vestibule
- Vulva
What are the supporting structures of the repro sys
- Mesovarium (part of the broad lig of the uterus)
- Mesosalpinx (part of the broad lig of the uterus)
- Mesometrium (part of the broad lig of the uterus)
- Suspensor lig (part of the broad lig of the uterus)
- Proper lig (part of the broad lig of the uterus)
T/F the mosoavarium does not cover all of the ovary
True
What are the three layers of the uterus
- Perimetrium (serosal/outer layer)
- Myometrium
- Endometrium
Label 1, 2, & 3
Which ovary is a tad bit more cranial than the other
Right ovary
Where are the ovaries located
- Caudal to the caudal pole of the kidneys @ the level of 5th lumbar vertebrae
- Cranioventral to the iliac wings
Where are the parts of the uterus located
- Horns - lie w/in the abdominal cavity; more dorsally
- Body lies partly abdomen & partly pelvic cavity
Where is the vagina located
Lies w/in the pelvic cavity ventral to the rectum & dorsally to the urinary bladder
Where is the vestibule located
- Ventrally to the rectum & anal canal
- Ventral wall goes beyond the ischial arch
Where is the vulva located
- Ventral to the anus
- ventral commissure is ventral to the ischial arch
Describe what makes a mares ovary different than other species
- Bigger than other ovaries
- Have a bean shape (b/c there is an ovulation fossa where the follicles open into)
What is the black arrowing pointing to
Ovulation fossa (fossa ovarii)
Describe the uterine tube
- Connects the ovary to the horn of the uterus
- Has three parts
What are the three parts of the uterine tube & Describe them
- Infundibulum - connects to the ovary; has fimbria to move follicles into the uterine tube
- Ampulla - widest part
- Isthmus - longest part; joins the horn of the uterus
What is the difference btw/ cattle & equine when talking about the uterine tube & the isthmus
The union between the uterine tube & uterus is abrupt in mare while the horn of the cow is more pointy
Label the following cow uterus
Label the following uterus
- 1: Horns
- 2: Body
- 3: Cervix
- 6: External cervical ostium
- Circle is the fornix & external ostium
Label the following uterus
- 4: Cervical canal
- 5: Internal cervical ostium
- 6: External cervical ostium
- Top arrow: Fornix
Describe the horns of the uterus
- Divergent
- Raised dorsally of over the intestine
- Blunt end
- No intercornual lig
Describe the body of the uterus
- Large
- Normally obliterated by the intestines & bladder
Describe the cervix (neck) of the uterus
- Firm consistency
- Easily palpated transrectally
- Has a cervical canal w/ an external (goes to the vagina) & internal cervical ostium (Goes to the uterine body)
- Projects into the vagina & it is surrounded by an annular space known as the fornix
Why is the fornix important
Good landmark for AI
Describe the vagina
- Cranial boundary is vaginal projection of the cervix & fornix
- Caudal boundary is the hymenal fold & the external urethral orifice
- Mucosa is ridged lengthwise (longitudinal folds) for lubrication of penetration & birth
Describe the vaginal vestibule
- Most internal caudal part of the repro system
- Extends from the external urethral orifice to the vulva caudally
- Has urinary (urine can touch the vestibule) & repro fxn
- Has vestibular glands in the lateral wall
- Vestibular bulbs in the lateral walls is erectile tissue (Constrictor vestibular muscle surround the bulbs)
What muscle does the constrictor vestibular m come from
The constrictor vulva m that comes directly from the external anal sphincter
Label the following
What makes the mare vulva different
- The dorsal commissure is pointy
- The ventral commissure is rounded
Where is the clitoris found in the vulva
- Near the ventral commissure
- Lies inside the fossa of the clitoris
- Covered by a fold known as the prepuce of the clitoris
What is this
Ventral commissures
Why is the vulva & clitoris important
- Clitoris becomes prominent during oestrus & w/ “winking” movements of the labia to expose the clitoris
- The anus moves when they “wink”
- Done through the constrictor m. of the vulva
- Can use to see if a mare is prepared to be insementated
What is “wind-sucking” in mares
- Very common in racehorses/ thoroughbred
- The opening of the vulva is more dorsal & closure is less effective
- Air may be drawn into or expelled from the tract w/ each change in the intrabdominal pressure
- Not enough fat so the normal part of the vulva is sucked in causing the angle of the vulva to be more pointed
- Can lead to bacterial contamination which can result in sterility (if it reaches the endometrium)
- Can do the caslick tech to permanently fix (open the dorsal 1/3 of the vulva, take out part of the mucosa out & suture them)
Label the following:
