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Pharmacology II > Lecture 3: drugs for the treatment of GI disorders-1 > Flashcards

Lecture 3: drugs for the treatment of GI disorders-1 Flashcards

1
Q

In general what agents are used to treat constipation/impactions

A
  1. Laxatives
  2. N-butylscopolammonium bromide
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2
Q

What drug is used to treat non-specific/idiopathic chronic colitis (diarrhea)

A

Sulfasalazine

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3
Q

What drug is used to treat drug induced diarrhea (ex: chemo)

A

Loperamide

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4
Q

What parts of the GI system secrete water and electrolytes

A

Stomach, liver, and pancreas

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5
Q

What parts of the GI reabsorb water and electrolytes

A

Small intestine and colon

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6
Q

What is segmentation

A

Contractions in SI, which isolate food boluses

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7
Q

What laxative agents are used to lubricate feces

A

Mineral oil

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8
Q

What laxatives are used to dissolve feces

A

Docusate and soapy water enema

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9
Q

What laxatives are used to prevent reabsorption of water/electrolytes

A

Psyllium and canned pumpkin

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10
Q

What osmotic agents increase secretion of water/electrolytes

A

Polyethylene glycol 3350

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11
Q

What type of laxative is laxatone

A

Mineral oil

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12
Q

What is laxatone indicated for

A

Used in dogs, cats, small mammals and horses to lubricate feces in constipated animals

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13
Q

How is laxatone administered

A

rectal or NG tube

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14
Q

What are some adverse effects of laxatone

A

Aspiration pneumonia with oral administration, leaking , granulomatous reactions in liver, spleen, and mesenteric LN

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15
Q

What is docusate indicated for

A
  1. Constipated dogs and cats
  2. Horses- used in combination with mineral oil for colonic impactions
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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of docusate

A

Anionic detergents that soften stool by increasing the mixing of water and lipids in digestive fluid, also increase cAMP concentrations in colonic mucosal cells, which increases ion secretion and fluid permeability of the cells

17
Q

What are some adverse effects of docusate

A

Esophageal irritation, colic, diarrhea, intestinal mucosal damage, electrolyte and fluid abnormalities, increased mineral oil absoprtion

18
Q

What is psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid indicated for

A

Cats: impactions from insufficient fiber
Dogs: impactions from insufficient fiber, idiopathic large bowel diarrhea- reabsorbed H20, adjunct tx for hepatic encephalopathy (increased motility and changing GI microflora)
Horses: sand impactions

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid

A

Non-absorbed fiber that retains water in intestines, increase in non-digestible material in bowel stimulates motility, decreases intestinal transit time and increases frequency of defecation

20
Q

What are some adverse effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid

A

Esophageal blockage in foals, blockage and intestinal mucosal damage in rabbits, obstruction if not given sufficient h20

21
Q

What is polyethylene glycol 3350 indicated for

A
  1. Powdered product without electrolytes- laxative in cats (give with food)
  2. Liquid products with electrolytes- laxative in cats or colonic cleansing prior to colonoscopy in cats and dogs
22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of polyethylene glycol 3350

A

Draws water into intestines

23
Q

What are some adverse effects of polyethylene glycol

A

Products without added electrolytes draw Na+, K+, Cl-, and HCO3- into intestines so give with food

24
Q

Magensium hydroxide is a ____ agent

A

Osmotic agent

25
Q

What is magnesium hydroxide indicated for

A

Rumen overload or as an antacid

26
Q

sodium phosphate and biphosphate is a ___ agent

A

Osmotic agent

27
Q

What is sodium phosphate and biphosphate used for

A

Fleet enemas

28
Q

What are some adverse effects of sodium phosphate and biphosphate

A

Hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hypernatremia

29
Q

What is N-butylscopolammonium bromide indicated for

A

Spasmodic colic, flatulent colic, or simple impactions in horses (LU)
Choke, esophageal obstruction, aid for rectal exams, detomidine induced bradycardia, RAO

30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of N-butylscopolammonium bromide

A

Anti-cholinergic

31
Q

What are some adverse effects and contraindications for N-butylscopolammonium bromide

A

Tachycardia, transient pupillary dilation, tacky MM, ileus

32
Q

What is loperamide indicated for

A

Symptomatic treatment of diarrhea in dogs ONLY. Efficacy only shown in counteracting toceranib tx in dogs

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of loperamide

A

Opioid receptor agonist, inhibits GI motility and mucosal secretion

34
Q

What are some adverse effects of loperamide

A

Constipation, bloat, sedation

35
Q

What are some contraindications for loperamide

A

Ileus, head trauma/increase IOP, collies with MRD1 mutations because substrate of P-glycoprotein- gets into CNS

36
Q

What reversal agent should be used in collies who received loperamide

A

Nalaxone

37
Q

What is sulfasalazine indicated for

A

Non-specific chronic colitis in dogs and cats, subtype of IBD

38
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sulfasalazine

A

Hydrolyzes GI bacteria into 5-aminosalicylic acid/mesalazine, nonspecific Cox-1 and COX-2 inhibitor

39
Q

What are some adverse effects of sulfasalazine

A

Salicylate toxicity in cats (similar to aspirin), keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs, poly systemic immune complex disease

Pharmacology II (36 decks)

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