Lecture 3: drugs for the treatment of GI disorders-1 Flashcards
In general what agents are used to treat constipation/impactions
- Laxatives
- N-butylscopolammonium bromide
What drug is used to treat non-specific/idiopathic chronic colitis (diarrhea)
Sulfasalazine
What drug is used to treat drug induced diarrhea (ex: chemo)
Loperamide
What parts of the GI system secrete water and electrolytes
Stomach, liver, and pancreas
What parts of the GI reabsorb water and electrolytes
Small intestine and colon
What is segmentation
Contractions in SI, which isolate food boluses
What laxative agents are used to lubricate feces
Mineral oil
What laxatives are used to dissolve feces
Docusate and soapy water enema
What laxatives are used to prevent reabsorption of water/electrolytes
Psyllium and canned pumpkin
What osmotic agents increase secretion of water/electrolytes
Polyethylene glycol 3350
What type of laxative is laxatone
Mineral oil
What is laxatone indicated for
Used in dogs, cats, small mammals and horses to lubricate feces in constipated animals
How is laxatone administered
rectal or NG tube
What are some adverse effects of laxatone
Aspiration pneumonia with oral administration, leaking , granulomatous reactions in liver, spleen, and mesenteric LN
What is docusate indicated for
- Constipated dogs and cats
- Horses- used in combination with mineral oil for colonic impactions
What is the mechanism of action of docusate
Anionic detergents that soften stool by increasing the mixing of water and lipids in digestive fluid, also increase cAMP concentrations in colonic mucosal cells, which increases ion secretion and fluid permeability of the cells
What are some adverse effects of docusate
Esophageal irritation, colic, diarrhea, intestinal mucosal damage, electrolyte and fluid abnormalities, increased mineral oil absoprtion
What is psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid indicated for
Cats: impactions from insufficient fiber
Dogs: impactions from insufficient fiber, idiopathic large bowel diarrhea- reabsorbed H20, adjunct tx for hepatic encephalopathy (increased motility and changing GI microflora)
Horses: sand impactions
What is the mechanism of action of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid
Non-absorbed fiber that retains water in intestines, increase in non-digestible material in bowel stimulates motility, decreases intestinal transit time and increases frequency of defecation
What are some adverse effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid
Esophageal blockage in foals, blockage and intestinal mucosal damage in rabbits, obstruction if not given sufficient h20
What is polyethylene glycol 3350 indicated for
- Powdered product without electrolytes- laxative in cats (give with food)
- Liquid products with electrolytes- laxative in cats or colonic cleansing prior to colonoscopy in cats and dogs
What is the mechanism of action of polyethylene glycol 3350
Draws water into intestines
What are some adverse effects of polyethylene glycol
Products without added electrolytes draw Na+, K+, Cl-, and HCO3- into intestines so give with food
Magensium hydroxide is a ____ agent
Osmotic agent
