Lecture 26: Pain Physiology Flashcards
What pain scale do we use in the clinic
Glasgow composite pain scale
When do you intervene on glascow pain scale
5/20 or 6/24
How often do you assess pain until patient is recovered from anesthesia
Every 15-30 minutes
How often do you assess pain in first 24hrs post-op
Every 1-4hrs
After analgesic intervention, how long after do you asses pain
15 minutes
Based on ear position, assign pain scale left to right
left: 0- absent
Middle: 1 moderately present
Right: 2- markedly present
Based on orbital tightening assign pain scale
Left: absent (eyes open)
Middle: 1- moderately present (eyes partially closed)
Right: 2- markedly present (squinted eyes)
Assign pain based on muzzle tension
left: 0-absent
Middle- 1- moderately present
Right: 2- markedly present- tense (elliptical shape)
Assign pain based on whisker change
Left: 0-absent
Middle: 1- moderately present (slightly curved or straight)
Right: 2-markedly present- straight or moving forward away from face
Assign pain based on head position
left- 0 absent
Middle: 1-moderately present- head aligned with shoulders
Right: 2-markedly present- head below shoulders or tilted down
What is wrong here that would indicate pain
Ears out- 2
Head down- 2
Eyes- squinted- 1
Assign pain based on ear position
left- 0
Middle: 1- ears to side
Right: 2- backwards
Assign pain based on orbital tightening
left- 0
Middle-1- slightly closed
Right: 2- squinting
Assign pain based on tension above eye
Left- 0
Middle-1
Right- 2- bone surfaces very obvious
assign pain based on prominent strained chewing muscles
Left- 0
Middle-1
Right-2
Score the following in chart and total pain score
Ears backwards- 1
Orbital tightening-0
Tension above eyes-0
Prominent strained chewing muscles-0
Mouth strained and pronounced chin- 0
Strained nostrils and flattening-0
Total-1
Score following chart and total pain score
ears backwards- 0
Orbital tightening-0
Tension above eyes- 1
Prominent strained chewing muscles- 0
Mouth strained and pronounced chin- 0
Strained nostrils and flattening- 0
Total-1
Score the following chart and total score
Ears back-2
Orbital tightening- 2
Tension above eye-0
Prominent strained chewing muscles- 2
Mouth strained and pronounced chin-1
Strained nostrils and flattening-1
Total-8
Score the following chart and total score
ears back-0
Orbital tightening-0
Tension above eye-1
Prominent strained chewing muscles- 0
Mouth strained and pronounced chin- 0
Strained nostrils and flattening- 0
Total-1
How can you tell if horse shows typical pain signs if just asleep vs actual pain
If you stimulate horse they should change their facial expressions if not painful
What can be used to block transduction
- Local anesthetics
- Opioids
- Alpha 2 agonists
- NSAIDS
- Corticosteroids
What can be used to block transmission
- GA
- Opioids
- Alpha 2 antagonists
- Benzodiazepines
- Acepromazine
What can be used to block modulation
- Local anesthetics
- Opioids
- Alpha 2 agonists
- NSAIDS
- NMDA antagonist (ketamine)
What can be used to block perception
- Local anesthesia
- Opioids
- Alpha 2 agonists
- Benzodiazepines
- Acepromazine
- NMDA antagonists
- GABA agonists
- Inhalant anesthesia
What would be a good pre-op protocol for neuter
- Opioids- buprenorphine, hydromorphone
What would be could intra-op pain control for neuter
Intratesticular block with lidocaine