Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology II > Lecture 10: Injected Anesthetics > Flashcards

Lecture 10: Injected Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

General anesthesia should produce what 6 things

A
  1. Loss of consciousness
  2. Anxiolysis
  3. Analgesia
  4. Amnesia
  5. Inhibition of reflexes
  6. Skeletal muscle relaxation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What drugs produce the analgesic effect of GA

A

Opioids and ketamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What drugs produce the loss of consciousness in GA

A

Iv anesthestics and alpha2 agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What drugs produce the amnesia affect of GA

A

Midazolam, ketamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What drugs inhibit sensory/autonomic reflexes under GA

A

Opioids, anti-cholinergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What drugs produce muscle relaxation under GA

A

Benodiazepines, guafenisen, NMJ blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 5 things should be produced during dissociative anesthesia and what iv anesthetic typically produces this state

A
  1. Cataleptic state
  2. Analgesia
  3. Amnesia
  4. No responses
  5. Eyes open

Drug: ketamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of preanesthetic medications

A

Improve rapidity and smoothness of induction, reducing anxiety, analgesia, amnesia, compensating for side effects of anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

___are administered for analgesia

A

Opioids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

___, ___, and ___ provide pre-op sedation and amnesia and help to counteract CNS stimulation

A

Alpha2 agonists, acepromazine, benzodiazepines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

___prevent profuse salivation, bradycardia but thickening of saliva may cause endotracheal tube obstruction

A

Anticholinergic agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the mechanism of action for propofol

A

Act on GABA a receptors to prolong effects of GABA and increase Cl- influx—> hyper polarizing neurons

Also some NMDA receptor blockade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Propofol can cause what adverse effect especially if used with opioids

A

Respiratory depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does propofol affect cerebral blood flow and ICP

A

Decreases both so good for head injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is propofol used for

A

Induction and maintenance of anesthesia

Approved in dogs only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 3 potential drug interactions with propofol

A
  1. Hypoxemia with alpha2 agonists
  2. Hypothermia with benzodiazepines
  3. Cardiac collapse and delayed recovery with St. John worts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some adverse effects of propofol

A

Respiratory depression, hypotension, myocardial depression, myoclonic twitching and limb paddling, apnea, excitement in horses, increase IOP, Heinz body production in cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If propofol causes myoclonic twitching and limb paddling what can you treat with

A

Benzodiazepine or subtherapeutic ketamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of etomidate

A

Facilitates GABA transmission, increase Cl- influx and causing hyperpolarization

20
Q

Compared to profool, etomidate has minimal depression on what 3 things

A
  1. Cardiovascular function
  2. Blood pressure
  3. Respiratory depression
21
Q

How does etomidate effect cerebral blood flood

22
Q

What is etomidate used for

A

Alternative to propofol for anesthetic induction in small animals

23
Q

What are some adverse effects of etomidate

A

Pain and hemolysis upon IV injection, adrenocortical suppression

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of alfaxalone

A

Synthetic neuroactive steroid that binds and modulates GABA A to facilitate GABA mediated Cl- influx

25
In addition to anesthesia alfaxalone provides what other effect
Muscle relaxation
26
Alfaxalone as a ___therapeutic index
High- safe
27
What is alfaxalone used for
Induction and maintenance of GA in cats and dogs
28
What are some adverse effects of alfaxalone
Post-induction apnea, psychomotor excitement, hypotension, hypothermia, increase IOP
29
What is the mechanism of action of ketamine
Non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors, blocks glutamate (excitatory NT), depresses activity in thalamus, limbic system and reticular activating system
30
Ketamine produces ___anesthesia
Dissociative
31
Ketamine may have a weak analgesic effect through what mechanism
Weak mu opioid receptor stimulation but also NMDA block with glutamate
32
How does ketamine affect cerebral blood flow and ICP
Increases, don’t use with head injuries
33
How does ketamine affect SNS tone and what is result
Increases- increase HR and BP
34
What are some uses of ketamine
Labeled for restraint/minor surgery in cats, induction in many species, maintenance of GA
35
What are some adverse effects of ketamine
Muscle rigidity in horses and dogs, profuse salivation in cats, tachycardia, hypertension, difficulty assessing anesthetic depth due to eyes open, apneustic breathing
36
Ketamine can be combined with __, ___ and ___ in horses
Alpha2 agonist for sedation, guafenisin for muscle relaxation and butorphanol for pain
37
Ketamine can be combined with ___ or ___ to provide skeletal muscle relaxation, prevent seizures, and excitement or delirium in recovery
Benzodiazepines or alpha2 agonists
38
What is the mechanism of action of midazolam
Potentiates GABA and increases the frequency of opening Cl- channels
39
What is midazolam used for
Induction of anesthesia, tx neonatal seizures in foals, status epilepticus in dogs
40
You can combine midazolam with ___ as a neuroleptanalgesic
Opioids (butorphanol or oxymorphone)
41
Can combine midazolam with ___ to provide muscle relaxation
Ketamine
42
What are some adverse effects of midazolam
Cardiorespiratory depression, paradoxical excitement/dysphoria
43
What is used to reverse effects of midazolam
Flumazenil
44
What is tiletamine/zolazepam used for
Labeled for short term anesthesia in dogs and cats and chemical restraint for fractious cats
45
Hat are some adverse effects of tiletamine/ zolazepam
Excessive salivation, erratic recovery, muscle twitching

Pharmacology II (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions