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Pharmacology II > Lecture 17+18: Anesthesia Machines and Equipment > Flashcards

Lecture 17+18: Anesthesia Machines and Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mixing machine

A

Combines carrier gas with anesthetic vapor= fresh gas

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2
Q

What is fresh gas

A

Carrier gas (O2) plus anesthetic vapor

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3
Q

what is difference between these two tanks? What is gas, capacity and PSI

A

Fully green tanks- H tanks
Green and silver tanks- E tanks
Both O2
E tank capacity: 660-700L
E tank PSI: 2000
H tank capacity: 7000L
H tank PSI: 2200

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4
Q

An E tank with 1000PSI has how many liters

A

~350- half full

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5
Q

Identify the gas associated with each pin: left to right

A

O2, air, entonox, NO2

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6
Q

What is the role of pressure regulators

A

Maintain a constant flow of gas from high pressure side to low pressure side (flow meter)

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7
Q

What is the purpose of flow meters

A

Control the amount of gas entering the low pressure portion of anesthetic machine

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8
Q

Where do u read a flow meter with a ball indicator

A

Middle

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9
Q

Where do u read a flow meter with a cylindrical indicator

A

Top

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10
Q

Where is the oxygen flush located

A

Between regulator and fresh gas outlet

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11
Q

What is the range and average oxygen delivery via oxygen flush valve

A

35-75L/min (avg-50L/min)

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12
Q

When should the oxygen flush valve not be used

A

When connected to patient and with non-rebreathing system

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13
Q

What is the function of the vaporizer

A

Container in which liquid anesthetic is converted to vapor and controlled amounts of vapor are added to carrier gas that is delivered to patient

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14
Q

What is the saturated vapor pressure

A

The partial pressure of an anesthetic vapor at equilibrium above the anesthetic liquid

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15
Q

SVP determines what

A

Maximum concentration of anesthetic vapor in gas mixture

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16
Q

Mixture of oxygen and anesthetic vapor is called

A

Fresh gas

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17
Q

Fresh gas is delivered to the patient via

A

Fresh gas outlet

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18
Q

Attached to the fresh gas outlet is a breathing circuit ___

A

Fresh gas inlet

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19
Q

Identify A and B

A

A: fresh gas inlet
B: fresh gas outlet

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20
Q

What can excessive resistance to ventilation result in

A

Hypoxemia, hypercapnia, excessive pressure transmitted to lungs, anesthetic overdose and death

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21
Q

What is the function of the breathing circuit

A
  1. Delivers fresh gas to patient
  2. Removed exhaled CO2
  3. Reduce pollution- scavenging waste
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22
Q

What breathing system uses Bain circuit, ambu bag, and used for smaller patients

A

Non-rebreathing system

23
Q

What breathing system is a circle system and used for larger patients

A

Rebreathing systems

24
Q

Non-rebreathing systems have an absence of ___valves

A

Unidirectional

25
Carbon dioxide removal for non-rebreathing systems depends on ___
Fresh gas glow
26
Non-rebreathing systems are used for ___patients
Smaller
27
What is the max kg for non-rebreathing systems
5kg
28
What are 3 features of Bain system for non0rebreathing systems
1. Valveless coaxial system 2. Low resistance due to absence of valves 3. Some warming of inspired gases due to coaxial design
29
What is the flow rate oxygen when using Bain circuit
150ml/kg/min during induction, maintenance and recover
30
What type of circuit is this
Bain circuit
31
What is the minimum flow rate of oxygen/min
500mL/min
32
Why checking for leaks at 20-30cmH20
You would never uses abov 20cmH20 too much pressure
33
When should the pop off valve be open vs closed
Open when connected to patient Close for leak check
34
What is this and what is purpose
pressure relief valve that will relieve pressure if you forget to open pop off valve
35
What are some advantages of circle system
1. Less environmental pollution 2. Conservation of heat and humidity 3. Less abrupt changes in anesthetic depth 3. Control of PaCO2 depends on patient ventilation not fresh gas
36
What are some disadvantages of circle system
1. Malfunction 2. Improperly assembled 3. Greater resistance due to valves, soda lime canister
37
Resistance increases with increase ___ and ___
Respiratory and tidal volume
38
What is the fresh gas rate in circle system at induction, maintenance and recovery
Induction: 150m/lkg/min for first 15 minutes Maintenance: 50ml/kg/min Recovery: 150ml/kg/min to eliminate iso
39
What is the minimum fresh gas flow rate/min
500 mL/min
40
Small animal circle systems for pediatrics is designed for what BW
5-10kg
41
Adult small animal circuits are designed for what BW
10-150kg
42
What is the large animal circle system BW
150kg-2 tons
43
What is the flow rate for large animals in circle system
10-30ml/kg/min
44
How do you determine reservoir bag size
6x tidal volume=10-15ml/kg
45
What is the purpose of soda lime
Absorption of CO2
46
What is the evidence for depletion of soda lime
Color change: white to blue Granules become hard Heat production stops
47
What 3 things does the amount of rebreathing depend on
1. Fresh gas flow into the system 2. Amount of dead space in the system 3. System design
48
Increase in rebreathing ___concentration of gas within system
Decreases
49
Which system has higher flow rates for induction vs maintenance
Circle system
50
Rebreathing Can ___recovery
Delay Increase flow rates at end to get rid of Isoflurane
51
What is the purpose of the scavenger system
Eliminate excess volatile anesthetic gases from work area
52
The gas scavenging system is connected to ___
Pop off valve
53
How can we minimize exposure to waste gases
1. Scavenger system 2. Equipment and vaporizers in good condition 3 . Identify and repair leaks 4. Fill vaporizers 5. Inflate cuff adequately 6. Keep patient connected to machine on O2 fir as long as possible once anesthetic is turned off so can scavenge all gasses 7. Pregnancy women should avoid exposure especially in first trimester

Pharmacology II (36 decks)

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