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Pharmacology II > Lecture 17+18: Anesthesia Machines and Equipment > Flashcards

Lecture 17+18: Anesthesia Machines and Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mixing machine

A

Combines carrier gas with anesthetic vapor= fresh gas

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2
Q

What is fresh gas

A

Carrier gas (O2) plus anesthetic vapor

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3
Q

what is difference between these two tanks? What is gas, capacity and PSI

A

Fully green tanks- H tanks
Green and silver tanks- E tanks
Both O2
E tank capacity: 660-700L
E tank PSI: 2000
H tank capacity: 7000L
H tank PSI: 2200

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4
Q

An E tank with 1000PSI has how many liters

A

~350- half full

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5
Q

Identify the gas associated with each pin: left to right

A

O2, air, entonox, NO2

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6
Q

What is the role of pressure regulators

A

Maintain a constant flow of gas from high pressure side to low pressure side (flow meter)

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7
Q

What is the purpose of flow meters

A

Control the amount of gas entering the low pressure portion of anesthetic machine

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8
Q

Where do u read a flow meter with a ball indicator

A

Middle

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9
Q

Where do u read a flow meter with a cylindrical indicator

A

Top

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10
Q

Where is the oxygen flush located

A

Between regulator and fresh gas outlet

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11
Q

What is the range and average oxygen delivery via oxygen flush valve

A

35-75L/min (avg-50L/min)

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12
Q

When should the oxygen flush valve not be used

A

When connected to patient and with non-rebreathing system

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13
Q

What is the function of the vaporizer

A

Container in which liquid anesthetic is converted to vapor and controlled amounts of vapor are added to carrier gas that is delivered to patient

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14
Q

What is the saturated vapor pressure

A

The partial pressure of an anesthetic vapor at equilibrium above the anesthetic liquid

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15
Q

SVP determines what

A

Maximum concentration of anesthetic vapor in gas mixture

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16
Q

Mixture of oxygen and anesthetic vapor is called

A

Fresh gas

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17
Q

Fresh gas is delivered to the patient via

A

Fresh gas outlet

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18
Q

Attached to the fresh gas outlet is a breathing circuit ___

A

Fresh gas inlet

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19
Q

Identify A and B

A

A: fresh gas inlet
B: fresh gas outlet

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20
Q

What can excessive resistance to ventilation result in

A

Hypoxemia, hypercapnia, excessive pressure transmitted to lungs, anesthetic overdose and death

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21
Q

What is the function of the breathing circuit

A
  1. Delivers fresh gas to patient
  2. Removed exhaled CO2
  3. Reduce pollution- scavenging waste
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22
Q

What breathing system uses Bain circuit, ambu bag, and used for smaller patients

A

Non-rebreathing system

23
Q

What breathing system is a circle system and used for larger patients

A

Rebreathing systems

24
Q

Non-rebreathing systems have an absence of ___valves

A

Unidirectional

25
Q

Carbon dioxide removal for non-rebreathing systems depends on ___

A

Fresh gas glow

26
Q

Non-rebreathing systems are used for ___patients

A

Smaller

27
Q

What is the max kg for non-rebreathing systems

A

5kg

28
Q

What are 3 features of Bain system for non0rebreathing systems

A
  1. Valveless coaxial system
  2. Low resistance due to absence of valves
  3. Some warming of inspired gases due to coaxial design
29
Q

What is the flow rate oxygen when using Bain circuit

A

150ml/kg/min during induction, maintenance and recover

30
Q

What type of circuit is this

A

Bain circuit

31
Q

What is the minimum flow rate of oxygen/min

A

500mL/min

32
Q

Why checking for leaks at 20-30cmH20

A

You would never uses abov 20cmH20 too much pressure

33
Q

When should the pop off valve be open vs closed

A

Open when connected to patient
Close for leak check

34
Q

What is this and what is purpose

A

pressure relief valve that will relieve pressure if you forget to open pop off valve

35
Q

What are some advantages of circle system

A
  1. Less environmental pollution
  2. Conservation of heat and humidity
  3. Less abrupt changes in anesthetic depth
  4. Control of PaCO2 depends on patient ventilation not fresh gas
36
Q

What are some disadvantages of circle system

A
  1. Malfunction
  2. Improperly assembled
  3. Greater resistance due to valves, soda lime canister
37
Q

Resistance increases with increase ___ and ___

A

Respiratory and tidal volume

38
Q

What is the fresh gas rate in circle system at induction, maintenance and recovery

A

Induction: 150m/lkg/min for first 15 minutes
Maintenance: 50ml/kg/min
Recovery: 150ml/kg/min to eliminate iso

39
Q

What is the minimum fresh gas flow rate/min

A

500 mL/min

40
Q

Small animal circle systems for pediatrics is designed for what BW

A

5-10kg

41
Q

Adult small animal circuits are designed for what BW

A

10-150kg

42
Q

What is the large animal circle system BW

A

150kg-2 tons

43
Q

What is the flow rate for large animals in circle system

A

10-30ml/kg/min

44
Q

How do you determine reservoir bag size

A

6x tidal volume=10-15ml/kg

45
Q

What is the purpose of soda lime

A

Absorption of CO2

46
Q

What is the evidence for depletion of soda lime

A

Color change: white to blue
Granules become hard
Heat production stops

47
Q

What 3 things does the amount of rebreathing depend on

A
  1. Fresh gas flow into the system
  2. Amount of dead space in the system
  3. System design
48
Q

Increase in rebreathing ___concentration of gas within system

A

Decreases

49
Q

Which system has higher flow rates for induction vs maintenance

A

Circle system

50
Q

Rebreathing Can ___recovery

A

Delay
Increase flow rates at end to get rid of Isoflurane

51
Q

What is the purpose of the scavenger system

A

Eliminate excess volatile anesthetic gases from work area

52
Q

The gas scavenging system is connected to ___

A

Pop off valve

53
Q

How can we minimize exposure to waste gases

A
  1. Scavenger system
  2. Equipment and vaporizers in good condition
    3 . Identify and repair leaks
  3. Fill vaporizers
  4. Inflate cuff adequately
  5. Keep patient connected to machine on O2 fir as long as possible once anesthetic is turned off so can scavenge all gasses
  6. Pregnancy women should avoid exposure especially in first trimester

Pharmacology II (18 decks)

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