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Pharmacology II > Lecture 16: Inhaled Anesthetics > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Inhaled Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What do inhaled anesthetics do

A
  1. Depress CNS
  2. Decrease excitatory NT release- inhibit nicotinic receptors and activate K+ channels- hyperpolarize
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2
Q

Potency is proportional to ___solubility

A

Lipid

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3
Q

The partial pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to the ___

A

Solubility of the gas in solvent

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4
Q

The solubility is expressed b the ____coefficient

A

Blood: gas partition coefficient

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5
Q

The more lipid soluble an anesthetic the more ___it is

A

Potent

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6
Q

Drugs that are very soluble in blood will take ___to reach equilibrium and get to brain

A

Longer

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7
Q

Drugs that are less soluble in blood will have a ___onset of action and more __recovery

A

Faster, rapid

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8
Q

Drugs that have a ___blood pass partition equilibrate more rapidly than those with ___one

A

Low, higher

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9
Q

More ventilation results in ___

A

More anesthetic gets to alveoli- faster induction

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10
Q

Partial pressure in the blood can be increased by ___rate of ventilation during induction

A

Increasing

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11
Q

The brain has a ____level of perfusion therefore drug gets in quickly

A

High

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12
Q

Areas with high perfusion will clear the drug more ___when gas is turned off

A

Quickly

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13
Q

Inhalants are eliminated through __

A

Lung

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14
Q

Entry and loss to and from fat is ___because perfusion is low

A

Slow

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15
Q

Low solubility in blood= ___elimination

A

Fast

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16
Q

Elimination of anesthetics are faster if blood: gas coefficient is ___

A

Low

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17
Q

What is 1 MAC of inhaled anesthetic defined as

A

Concentration at 1atm that prevents skeletal muscle movement in response to very painful stimuli in 50% of population

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18
Q

The lower the MAC the more __the drug

A

Potent

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19
Q

___MAC will cause anesthesia in 95%

A

1.2

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20
Q

___MAC will cause anesthesia in 100%

A

1.5

21
Q

Which inhalant has a an analgesic effect but is not potent enough to produce surgical anesthesia

A

NO2

22
Q

How does NO2 effect cardiovascular system

A

Minimal effects, it will depress myocardial function but also increase SNS stimulation so effect is minimal

23
Q

How does NO2 affect BP

A

Decreases

24
Q

Diffusion hypoxia is associated with which anesthetic and what do you do to prevent this

A

NO2
Administer 100% O2 for short time when N2O is turned off to prevent hypoxia

25
Q

How does Isoflurane affect cardiovascular function and BP

A

Depresses cardiovascular function and decreases BP

26
Q

How does Isoflurane affect respiratory rate and tidal volume

A

Decreases both

27
Q

With Isoflurane cerebral blood flow is maintained at what MAC

A

Less than 1.2

28
Q

T or F: Isoflurane has muscle relaxant properties

A

True

29
Q

Isoflurane is labeled for what species

A

Dogs and horses

30
Q

What anesthetic can be used in combination with O2 for status epilepticus that are refractory to benzodiazepine.

And what should you be cautious about when using this gas to control seizures

A

Isoflurane and keep below 1.2 MAC or will increase ICP

31
Q

Why is Isoflurane not good for induction

A

May causer bronchospasm

32
Q

What anesthetic gases can produce malignant hyperthermia

A

Isoflurane and sevoflurane

33
Q

How does sevoflurane affect cardiovascular system, BP, and ventilation

A

Decrease stroke volume, depresses myocardial contractility, decreases BP, decreases ventilation

34
Q

What type of vaporizer is required for deslfurane

A

Heated

35
Q

Desflurane irritates the ___ and may cause ___ (like iso)

A

Airway, bronchospasm

36
Q

How does desflurane affect TV and RR

A

Decreases TV and increases RR

37
Q

How does desflurane affect BP and HR

A

Decreases BP, but increase HR which maintains perfusion

38
Q

How does desflurane affect ICP and what can you do to prevent

A

Increase ICP- hyperventilate to prevent

39
Q

What does malignant hyperthermia cause

A

Hypepyrexia and muscle rigidity

40
Q

What is tx for malignant hyperthermia

A

IV Dantrolene and cooling

41
Q

What anesthetic is preferred in cats

A

Ketamine

42
Q

In cats propofol can cause ___if given repeatedly

A

Heinz Body anemia

43
Q

What can etomidate cause in cats

A

Hemolysis

44
Q

Propofol, ketamine and tiletamine all cause ___in horses and pretreat with ___

A

Excitement, pretreat with alpha2 agonists

45
Q

In horses ___can be combined with xylazine, guaifenesin and acepromazine

A

Alfaxalone

46
Q

___anesthetics are not preferred in horses

A

Inhalation

47
Q

Which inhalant causes respiratory depression and slowed recovery in horses

A

Sevoflurane

48
Q

answer the questions in photo

A
  1. B- lowest MAC
  2. A- highest MAC
  3. E- lowest B/G
  4. B- highest B/G
49
Q

Answer questions in photo

A
  1. C
  2. E

Pharmacology II (18 decks)

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