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Medical Microbiology 16- > Lecture 29 > Flashcards

Lecture 29 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is another name for German measles

A

Rubella

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2
Q

True or false. German measles is more serious than measles.

A

False. It’s milder

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3
Q

What is the incubation period for German measles?

A

14-21 days

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of German measles?

A

Fever, rash that consist of pale red, slightly elevated papule or a red rash that diffused that the rash of scarlet fever.

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5
Q

True or false. For German measles, the infected person is contagious from 7 days before to 5 days after the first onset symptom,

A

True

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6
Q

Who is German measles most dangerous to?

A

Pregnant woman

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7
Q

True or false, German measles can cause stillbirths or defective child. What is this condition called?

A

True

Congenital rubella syndrome

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8
Q

What are the common defects to the child that acquired German measles?

A

Deafness, mental retardation, cataracts and heart defects.

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9
Q

True or false. Rubella immune globulin is commercially available

A

True

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10
Q

True or false. Immunity is permanent after a single infection to German measles.

A

True

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11
Q

What age is it recommended for children to receive the German measles vaccine?

A

12 months, its given as part of MMR

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12
Q

What age is the MMR booster given?

A

16-18 months

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13
Q

True or false. Females should not become pregnant for a least 1 month after being vaccinated with the German measles vaccine.

A

True

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14
Q

The Roseola virus is the cause of what infectious disease?

A

Roseola infantum or exanthema subitum

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15
Q

What age does Roseola occur in?

A

infants that are between 6 months to 3 years old.

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16
Q

What is the incubation period of Roseola?

A

7-14 days

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17
Q

What type of symptom is most prominent in Rubella?

A

High fever of 40 degrees celsius that can last up to 5 days.

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18
Q

Does a rash occur in Rubella?

A

Yes. It affects most of the body

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19
Q

What virus is the cause of both chickenpox and zoster?

A

The varicella-zoster virus

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20
Q

What was the virus causing chicken pox previously called?

A

Varicella

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21
Q

What was the virus causing zoster previously caused?

A

Herpes Zoster

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22
Q

What is the varicella-zoster virus called?

A

the herpesvirus

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23
Q

True or false. Chickenpox is extremely contagious

A

True

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24
Q

What is the incubation period for chickenpox?

A

14-19 days

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25
Q

What are the symptoms of chicken pox?

A

Fever and a maculopapular rash

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26
Q

Define a maculopapular rash

A

A rash that consists of macule and papules

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27
Q

Define what macule are

A

Marks on the skin that are neither elevated nor depressed, various colors, shapes and sizes.

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28
Q

Define what papules are

A

Red elevated areas on the skin

29
Q

In chickenpox, the macules and papules develop into _____ and then _____.

A

Vesicles

pustules

30
Q

Is a secondary infection possible with chickenpox? If so, why?

A

Yes, because the rash area is itchy and the crusted lesions are scratched. Therefore, the fingernails become the cause of secondary infection.

31
Q

True or false. Immunity from chickenpox is not possible. People can get reinfected after they have caught the virus.

A

False. After a single infection, you become permanently immune

32
Q

When is the chicken-pox vaccine given (wit what other combination)?

A

Given with the MMRV

33
Q

At what age is the MMR given?

A

12 months and 16-18 months.

34
Q

What does the MMRV vaccine combine?

A

Measles, mumps, rubella and varicella.

35
Q

Who are high risk at catching chickenpox

A

Pregnant females, newborns.

36
Q

What is Zoster also known for?

A

Shingles

37
Q

What does the Zoster virus attack in the human body?

A

The sensory nerve ans sensory nerves

38
Q

To whom does Zoster or Shingles occur to?

A

Peoples who have already been affected by the chicken pox.

39
Q

Explain how people who have already had chicken pox and recovered and now susceptible in catching Shingles.

A

The people who have recovered from the chicken pox, the virus persists in the nervous tissue. It is essentially in latent stage.

40
Q

True or false. The incidence of Zoster increases with age

A

True

41
Q

True or false. An adult with zoster can infect a child, who will also have zoster.

A

False, the child will develop chicken pox.

42
Q

True or false. the immunization of children against chicken pox causes the introduced varicella virus to establish latency and cause zoster (later on).

A

True

43
Q

What disease is caused by the various virus?

A

Smallpox

44
Q

How was the smallpox eradicated globally. How was this obtained?

A

Isolating infected persons and immunizing exposed persons.

45
Q

True or false. Smallpox is viewed as a potential agent for bioterrorism.

A

True

46
Q

What do mycoplasma not contain?

A

A cell wall

47
Q

True or false. M. pneumoniae is a mycoplasma

A

True

48
Q

What are the gradual onset symptoms of pneumonia?

A

cough, fever and prostration.

49
Q

What is pneumonia the main inflammation of?

A

The bronchioles

50
Q

Does pneumoniae respond to penicillins?

A

No

51
Q

What are possible treatments for pneumonia?

A

macropodes, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones.

52
Q

Pneumonia is a frequent disease in selected populations such as ______ and ______.

A

Armed forces

University students

53
Q

Define tracheobronchitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchi and lungs.

54
Q

What diseases does M. pneumoniae cause? Name 3

A
  1. Primary atypical pneumonia
  2. Tracheobronchitis
  3. Long-lasting infections resembling the common cold.
55
Q

What causes the diseases referred to psittacosis or parrot fever?

A

Chlamydia psittaci

56
Q

What is Psittacosis?

A

A disease of parrots and other psittacine birds

57
Q

What is Ornithosis?

A

A disease of non-psittacine birds such as pigeons and chickens

58
Q

What are the symptoms in birds that have psittacosis or ornithosis?

A

diarrhea, sneezing and a sick appearance

59
Q

True or false. The mortality rate is high in Chlamydiaepsittaci

A

True

60
Q

How is Chlamydia psittaci transmitted to humans?

A

When humans inhale the dust from droppings or contacts respiratory droplets.

61
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Chlamydiae psittaci?

A

Macrolide or doxycycline

62
Q

What is the causative agent of fever Q?

A

Coxiella burnetii

63
Q

What are the symptoms of fever Q?

A

They resemble those if influenza pr primary atypical pneumoniae

64
Q

Where does the bacterium coxiella burnetti originate from?

A

Cows, sheep or goats.

65
Q

What is the bacteria that is most likely to be found in raw milk s it’s the most-heat resistant pathogen.

A

Coxiella burnetti

66
Q

True or false. The temperatures of pasteurization have been set to kill Coxiella burnetti

A

True

67
Q

What is the exact heat requirements for milk pasteurization?

A

62.8 degrees celsius for 30 minutes or 71.7 degrees celsius for 15 seconds.

68
Q

How is Coxiella burnetti spread?

A

By the dust containing products of infected animals.

69
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Coxiella burnetti?

A

Doxycycline

Medical Microbiology 16- (17 decks)

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