Lecture 17 Flashcards
How do microbes enter the nose and throat in large numbers?
By attaching themselves to dust particles
The normal upper respiratory flora includes 6 of these microbes. Name them
1: Staphylococcus species
2: Streptococcus species
3: Neisseria species
4: Branhamella catarrhales
5: Corynebacterium species
6: Haemophilus species
True or false. The lower respiratory tract is usually sterile.
True
True or false. A person with a tracheotomy is susceptible to infection in the lower respiratory tract.
True
What enzyme restricts the size of microbial community in the eye?
Lysozyme. Remember that lysozyme is an enzyme that kills bacteria by destroying the cell wall and that Gram positive bacteria are more susceptible to lysozyme that Gram negative bacteria.
The normal flora of the eye is the same as the upper respiratory tract. Name the 6.
1: Staphylococcus species
2: Corynebacterium species
3: Neisseria species
4: Branhamella catarrhales
5: Haemophilus species
6: Streptococcus species
True or false. The urinary tract of the of the male urethra is normally sterile except the anterior portion.
True
The three characteristics of the female urethra are:
1: It’s sterile
2: It contains low numbers of Gram-positive, non-pathogenic cocci
3: It has the same normal flora as the male urethra
The normal flora of the male urethra include:
1: Staphylococcus epidermidis
2: Corynebacterium species
3: Mycoplasma species
Which bacteria is present in both male and female’s external genitalia?
Mycobacterium smegmatis
Which species are responsible for producing lactic acide from glycogen secured by the vagina wall?
Lactobacillus species
What is the pH of the vagina?
4.4-4.6
True or false. the pH of the vagina only allows basic-tolerant microbes.
False. They allow acid-tolerant microbes.
Why does the vagina not produce glycogen pre-puberty and after menopause?
Lack of estrogen. The Lactobacillus species are absent.
What four species does the normal flora of the vagina include?
1: Lactobacillus species
2: Corynebacterium species
3: Candida albicans
4: other yeast
True or false. Germ-free animals lack a normal flora. They are considered sterile?
True
What are Germ-free animal also called?
Gnotobiotic animals
How are germ-free animals (mammals) obtained into life?
They are obtained by caesarian in sterile conditions.
What can the study of germ-free animals and non germ-free animals help understand?
It helps determine if the normal flora is beneficial for harmful to animals.
What is concluded from the study of germ-free and non germ-free animals concerning their floras
More benefits than harm is derived from having a normal flora.
List 3 benefits of having a normal flora (for animals).
1: Some bacteria of the normal flora produce Vitamin K which is essential to mammals for blood coagulation (fat-soluble).
2: Aid in resistance to infectious disease by preventing pathogenic bacteria from getting established.
3: The immune of normal animals are better than those of germ-free.
List 2 harms that normal animals have in comparaison to germ-free animals.
1: Tooth decay caused by Streptococcus mutans
2: Opportunistic pathogens.
Explain the process in which a diet rich in beef, total fat, animal fat and animal protein lead to the formation of procaricinogens and how it involves our intestinal flora.
Animal fats and protein lead to the formation of pro carcinogens which are converted into carcinogens by our intestinal flora.
